IMPAIRED BLOOD
FLOW TO THE
MYOCARDIUM BY
ATHEROSCLEROTIC
PLAQUE BUILD-UP IN
THE CORONARY
ARTERIES.
MAY BE
ASYMPTOMATIC
CAN LEAD TO
ANGINA PECTORIS,
ACUTE CORONARY
SYNDROME, MI,
DYSRYTHMIAS,
HEART FAILURE, OR
SUDDEN DEATH.
ASSESS CARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY
STATUS, VITALS, ANY
MANIFESTATIONS OF PAIN, SOB, OR
CHEST PAIN. ENCOURAGE LIFESTYLE
CHANGES TO INCLUDE DIET AND
EXERCISE, MED MANAGEMENT,
GRADUAL AND PROGRESSIVE DIET
CHANGES, SMOKING CESSATION.
DECREASE CHOLESTEROL, BP
MAINTAINED AT NORMAL LEVEL,
BLOOD SUGARS SHOULD BE KEPT IN
NORMAL RANGE IF DIABETIC.
ANTILIPEMICS
TO DECREASE
CHOLESTEROL,
ASPIRIN
THERAPY
CHEST PAIN CAUSED BY CHEST
PAIN,
REDUCED CORONARY
BLOOD FLOW. CAUSES SOB
TEMPORARY
IMBALANCE IN BLOOD
FLOW AND DEMAND.
DEMAND FOR BLOOD
FLOW AND O2
EXCEEDS THE AMOUNT
AVAILABLE.
TREATMENT/NURSING
INTERVENTIONS
ASSESS PAIN & STATUS OF
RESPIRATORY & CARDIAC
SYSTEMS, VITAL SIGNS. NITRO FOR
PAIN AND PERFUSION, O2, ALLOW
REST BETWEEN ACTIVITES,
SMOKING CESSATION, ASSESS
KNOWLEDGE & REINFORCE
TEACHING AS NEEDED. IF YOU ARE
PLACING TOPICAL NITRO ON A
PATIENT , ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES
SO YOU WILL NOT ABSORB THE
MEDICATION. ABSORBING NITRO
WILL GIVE YOU THE SAME EFFECTS
AND A TERRIBLE HEADACHE.
MEDS
EXTRA NOTES
NITRATES TO
DILATE VESSELS &
IMPROVE BLOOD
FLOW, BETA
BLOCKERS TO
REDUCE HR,
CONTRACTILITY, BP
TO DECREASE
WORKLOAD,
CALCIUM CHANNEL
BLOCKERS TO
REDUCE OXYGEN
DEMAND, INCREASE
SUPPLY, ASPIRIN TO
REDUCE PLATELET
AGGREGATION.
DUE TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS,
CORONARY HEART DISEASE,
OR VESSEL CONSTRICTIONS.
HYPERMETABOLIC
CONDITIONS (EXERCISE,
COCAINE USE,
HYPERTHYROIDISM,
EMOTIONAL STRESS) CAN
EXACERBATE. DIFFERENT
TYPES:
STABLE ANGINA-MOST
COMMON AND MOST
PREDICTABLE, OCCURS WITH
PREDICTABLE AMOUNT OF
EXERCISE OR STRESS.
PHYSICAL EXERTION,
EXPOSURE TO COLD, OR
STRESS CAUSES IT. RELEIVED
BY REST AND NITRATES.
PRINZMETAL’S (VARIANT)
ANGINA- UNPREDICTABLE
OFTEN AT NIGHT. CAUSED BY
CORONARY ARTERY SPASMS
WITH OR WITHOUT PLAQUE.
TREATED WITH CALCIUM
CHANNEL BLOCKERS.
UNSTABLE ANGINA-OCCURS
WITH INCREASING
FREQUENCY, SEVERITY, &
DURATION. PAIN
CARDIAC DISORDERS
UNPREDICTABLE AND
OCCURS WITH DECREASING
LEVELS OF ACTIVITY OR
STRESS & CAN OCCUR AT
REST. AT RISK FOR MI.
OCCURS WITH ACUTE
CORONARY SYNDROME
MOST OFTEN.
CARDIAC DISORDERS
DISORDER
WHAT IT IS
S & S
TREATMENT/NURSING
INTERVENTIONS
MEDS
EXTRA NOTES
ACUTE
CORONARY
SYNDROME (ACS)
UNSTABLE
MYOCARDIAL
ISCHEMIA WITH
UNSTABLE ANGINA.
OCCURS WITH
BLOOD FLOW IS
ACUTELY REDUCED
BUT NOT FULLY
OCLUDED, CELLS ARE
INJURED BY THE
ACUTE ISCHEMIA.
CHEST PAIN
USUALLY
SUBSTERNAL OR
EPIGASTRIC,
RADIATION TO
NEXK, LEFT
SHOULDER, AND/OR
LEFT ARM, MAY
OCCUR AT REST,
LAST LONGER THAN
10-20 MINUTES,
DYSPNEA,
DIAPHORESIS,
PALLOR, COOL SKIN,
NAUSEA &
VOMITING, LIGHTHEADEDNESS,
HYPOTENSION, OR
TACHYCARDIA.
ASSESS PT, CHEST PAIN,
CARDIAC STATUS, SKIN
COLOR, TEMP, RESPIRATORY
STATUS, VITALS, ASSESS FOR
ANY CHANGE IN LEVEL OF
CONCIOUSNESS… VITALS
FREQUENTLY, ADMINISTER
MEDS, MONITOR LABS,
ESTABLISH RAPPORT WITH PT
AND ALLOW TO VOICE THEIR
CONCERNS, ENCOURAGE
QUESTIONS, AND ANSWER
THOSE QUESTIONS.
ENCOURAGE DRUG USE
CESSATION.
NITRATES, BETA
BLOCKERS,
FIBRONOLYTIC MEDS
(SHOULD BE GIVEN
WITHIN 30 MINUTES1 HOUR OF ARRIVAL
TO ER), ASPIRIN,
ANTIPLATELET MEDS
DIAGNOSIS- EKG AND
LAB VALUES
(TROPONIN, CK,
CKMB) MAY BE ST
ELEVATION OR
DEPRESSION BUT
NOT ALWAYS.
CARDIAC DISORDERS
MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION
(ACUTE MI)
NECROSIS OR
DEATH OF
MYOCARDIAL CELLS,
THIS IS A LIFETHREATENING
EVENT. IF
CIRCULATION IS
NOT PROMPTLY
RESTORED
FUNCTION OF CELLS
WILL BE LOST AND
WILL AFFECT
HEARTS ABILITY TO
MAINTAIN CARDIAC
OUTPUT. WILL LEAD
TO
accumulation of pigmented material. KSS have many effects on other organs in the body most commonly the eye but another most common important organ is the heart. It can block eletrical signals in the heart. " Block of electrical signals in the heart ( Cardiac conduction defects elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein) in-coordination of movements (ataxia)." KSS (WWW.UMDF.ORG) The causes KSS have on the cell are single large deletion of the genetic material of DNA of the mitochindria. This cause can…
on strike and stop contracting and relaxing, our bodies will not be able to move. This is why people with muscular disorders like muscular dystrophy, end up immobilized with time. The human body comprises over 630 muscles, of which the largest (gluteus maximus) is found in the buttocks. . The muscular system comprises three different types of muscles: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles. The skeletal muscles, attached to various parts of the skeleton, comprise muscles that are either striated…
Blood Through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium, through the mitral valve to the left ventricle, through the aortic valve to the aorta Periods of the Cardiac Cycle Systole Period of contraction, or systole Blood is returned to the heart by veins Diastole Period of rest Blood is returned to the heart by vein Factors That May Affect the Cardiac Rate and Rhythm Drugs Acidosis Decreased oxygen levels Changes in the electrolytes in the area Buildup of waste products Renin-Angiotensin System DRUGS…
Lock all cabinets, safely store all toxic | proof” a house? | household items in locked cabinets, and | | examine the house from the child’s point of | | view. | What interventions should the nurse do | Assess the child’s respiratory, cardiac, and | FIRST in caring for a child who has ingested | neurological status. | a poison? | | List 5 contraindications to administering | Coma, seizures, CNS depression, ingestion of | syrup of ipecac. | petroleum-based products, and ingestion…
protein-rich fluid, inflammatory cells, and tissue debris. fibrillation Rapid, random, ineffectual twitching of cardiac muscle, instead of normal regular systolic contractions, due usually to metabolic or coronary vascular disease. Whereas atrial fibrillation can continue for years without serious impairment of health, ventricular fibrillation is rapidly fatal. gallop rhythm A cardiac rhythm that simulates the sound of a galloping…
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive wasting of skeletal muscles. Muscles weaken overtime and sufferers gradually lose the ability to do the things we take for granted, for example - walking. There are several forms of Muscular Dystrophy (MD), all of which can occur throughout childhood or adulthood. In this report however I will focus on two main forms – Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Both forms of…
NURS 3203 – Pathophysiologic Processes – Module Three Study Guide For all lab values, I will give you the normals in parentheses. BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC DISORDERS 1. General Signs and Symptoms of anemia Increased RBC destruction Decreased RBC production Signs Exhaustion Hemoglobin deficit= oxygen deficit Cell mechanism and reproduction diminished Tachycardia- high heart rate Peripheral (Away from) Vasoconstriction- hands and feet cold (decrease pulse, blue finger nails) trying to conserve blood…
Medicine (Dept.); Bereavement; Beth Israel ALS Center; Beth Israel Hernia Center; Beth Israel Medical Group; Betty & Morton Yarmon Stroke Center; Brief Psychotherapy Research Program; Bronchial Thermoplasty; Business Health Program; Cancer Center; Cardiac Surgery; Cardiology; Center for Blood Management and Bloodless Medicine and Surgery; Center for Endovascular Surgery; Center for Health and Healing; Chemical Dependency Services, Stuyvesant Square; Child Psychiatry; Colorectal Surgery; Craniofacial…
CARDIAC MEDICATION LIST ANTICOAGULANTS | Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) Prevent the extension and formation of clots by inhibiting factors in the clotting cascade and decreasing blood coagulability. Contraindicated with active bleeding (except DIC), bleeding disorders, ulcers, liver and kidney disease, and hemorrhagic brain injuries. Side effects: Hemorrhage, hematuria, epistaxis, ecchymoses, bleeding gums, thrombocytopenia, and hypotension. Heparin: prevent thrombin from converting to fibrinogen…
Heart Failure What is heart failure? Heart failure (HF) can be caused by any heart condition where the heart’s pumping ability becomes impaired, either because of an abnormality in cardiac structure or function. This results in inadequate perfusion- the inability of the heart to supply adequate oxygenated blood flow to fulfil the body’s needs (the workload). HF can be acute or chronic. Acute HF develops rapidly (over hours or days). Chronic HF develops over month or years and is a long-term condition…
