Chapter 4 review Questions: Carbon Molecular diversity of life 1. What did the Stanley Miller experiment demonstrate? a. Demonstrated the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds.
2. How do endo and exothermic reactions differ? 3. How many bonds can carbon make? Why? a. 4 4. What do proteins, DNA, and carbohydrates have in common? a. All contain carbon atoms. 5. What are hydrocarbs? a. Organic molecules that have only carbon and hydrogen atoms. 6. What are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties? a. Isomers
7. Draw an example of a structural isomer.
8. What is an enantiomer?
9. Draw an example showing a cis and trans isomer. 10. -17. Which functional group is this? a. – Hydroxyl group b. – Carbonyl group c. – Carboxyl group d. – Amino group e. – Sulfhydryl group f. – Phosphate group g. – Methyl group
18. Which molecule is the primary energy transferring molecule in the cell? a. ATP (adeomsine triphosphate)
19. ATP consists of an organic molecule, adenosine, attached to a string of _____(how many?) phosphate groups?

Chapter 4 Structure and Function of large biological molecules 1. Which 3 of the 4 classes of life’s organic molecules are polymers? a. Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids 2. What are large molecules that are made out of smaller, similar building blocks called monomers? a. Polymers 3. Two monomers will bond together through the loss of a water molecule in a process called? a. Dehydration reaction 4. Polymers are disassembled with the addition and breakdown of water in a process called? a. Hydrolysis 5. What are the two main purposes of carbohydrates? a. Fuel & building material for sugar 6. Simple sugars that have multiples of CH2O are called? a. Monosaccharides 7. A what is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharide? a. Disaccharide 8. Sucrose is an example of a disaccharide as it consists of monosaccharides gluctose plus _____? a. Fructose 9. Lactose and maltose are two examples of disaccharides that are made through which type of reaction? a. Dehydration 10. These are polymers of sugars and its structure and function are determined by its sugar monomers and positions of gylcosidic linkages. a. Polysaccharides 11. Starch is an example of a storage _____ of plants. a. Polysaccharide 12. Glycogen is a storage polysaccharide in ______ animals. a. Animals 13. ____ is a type of structural polysaccharides that is the major component of plant cell walls. a. Cellulose 14. Starch has (alpha or beta) glucose linkages? a. Alpha 15. Cellulose has