PART I QUESTIONS

1. Models are analogies that allow us to clarify hypotheses—proposed explanations of relationships between causes and effects. What roles do models play in testing hypotheses?
Models provide the physical testing and proof of a hypothesis by exploring the extent to which the two factors relate within the given hypothesis. It puts a theory into action, to see if the theory is correct.

2. What did the humoral model of disease propose as the cause for cholera?
The humoral model of disease said that disease was caused by an imbalance in one or more of four "humors" or fluids in the body: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. Physicians would decide on a treatment based on what they thought was the cause of the
Based on what I have learned so far, the environmental variables that should be included in a casual web for cholera are areas which are near a body of water, which could overflow if contaminated and spread disease. Also, the text stated that cholera would be in remission due to the winter. This leads me to believe that temperature is a factor, since sunlight affects the persistence and spread of pathogens associated with phytoplankton and algae. Humidity, because moisture allows pathogens to survive longer than if they were in a less humid or dry area such as a tropical climate.
The social variables include if the area is urban or rural. Urban areas are more prone to diseases, since the chances of epidemics spreading, increases in more populated areas, which was evident in Killingworth Colliery and London. Also, areas where individuals immigrate often, which are typically in an urban setting, and can bring disease along with them. In addition, if an area is upper or lower class, the lower class areas could be more prone to cholera because they tend to lack proper sanitation and sewage systems, allowing an overflow of wastes into the water.
The biological variables that contribute to the cholera outbreak could include anything that is contaminated by excreted feces with cholera bacteria that is ingested. Food that is moist can be contaminated before or after