Emily Carver 10/2/14
Mr. Riotto US 1 H
Chapter 4 Summary England, Holland, and France all rivaled forcefully in transatlantic trade. To improve its competitive area, England adopted the policy of mercantilism. Between 1651 and 1733, Parliament passed four types of mercantilist regulations to put this policy into action. The first regulation targeted to end Dutch dominance in England overseas trade. To begin this regulation, the Navigation Act of 1651 was created. The second, third, and fourth types of regulations further expanded the advantage of English manufacturers who produced for the colonial market. Later, England’s goals were largely achieved. By the late 1760s, about five million dollars worth of English manufactured goods flowed into the colonies each year. Certain imported items even made their way into Indian villages. Colonial cities grew and by 1770, many of the colonies had thousands of people populating the areas. Wherever there was heavy commerce, the gap between the wealthy and poor grew wider. Colonial society began to increasingly resemble Great Britain. Besides the convergence of the English and Colonial society, settlers worried that America stayed culturally inferior to Great Britain. During the eighteenth century, every year Americans imported more manufactured products from England. New ideas emerged in the imported “courtesy books,” which contained the rules of polite behavior. Colonists were very interested in these new ideas that described what was called the Age of Enlightenment. Church steeples began to dominate the skylines of colonial cities. Puritan faith became an established religion in all of the New England colonies except for Rhode Island. Religion began to draw these colonies closer to England through the Great Awakening.
During the mid-seventeenth century England began to realize its limited control over the New England colonies. James II failed plan of 1686 was