Chapter 8

1.Summarize "introduction"
The final stage of lifespan is death. Death is the only thing that is certain in life. Death can come at any point of our lives, however it is thought that it should come at old age. The lifespan has increased over time, and this is due to the advances in technology and science finding new ways to combat diseases.
2.What's the leading cause of death in preschool and school-age children?
Accident or unintentional injury.
3.Describe hospice care (50ish)
Hospice care treats the patient, not the disease, and focuses on quality rather than quantity of like. Hospice care is a place where the elderly and really sick patients are being taken care of, and the family of the above named are provided with support during the grieving time. Hospice staff provides direct care of the patient and also teaches the family of the patient how to take care of him or her.
4.What is palliative care? (Glossary may help)
The active holistic care of patients with advanced progressive illness. It includes the management of pain and other symptoms. The aim of Palliative care is to enable an individual to live as well as possible with the effects of the diseases.
5.Define bereavement, grief, and mourning (glossary may help)
Bereavement: an emotional reaction felt after the death of a loved one.
Grief: the intense emotional feeling associated with the loss of someone with whom a deep, emotional bond existed. The emotions experienced include numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness and loneliness.
Mourning: the actions or expressions of a person who is bereaved.
6.Describe Parker's model of grief
According to Parkes’ model an has to go through the stages of grief in order to reach acceptance and move forward in life. He proposed the following phases:
-Phase 1: shock, numbness, or disbelief.
-Phase 2: pangs of grief, searching, anger, guilt, sadness and fear.
-Phase 3: despair
-phase 4: acceptance/adjustment, gaining a new identity.

7.Do the "focus on: griefwork" on p.158
The nurse in a way helped them reduce the pain, and she provided things that could help them deal with the grief a little better.
8.Summarize Table 8.2
Age
Understanding of death
Behavior/expression of grief
Infant
Doesn’t recognize death
Unresponsive to smiles or coos.
2-6 years
Confuses death with sleep, experiences anxiety.
Asks a lot of questions, have tantrums.
3-6 years
Confuses death with sleep, thinks that someone that died can come back to life.
Begins to be afraid of the dark, has trouble eating.
6-9 years
Thinks death happens to others and not me. Now understands death is final.
Asks specific questions, exaggerates fears, has aggressive behaviors, feels abandoned.
9+ years
Understands death is final and that everyone will die, even himself or herself.
Feels guilty, angry and also ashamed, has mood swings, and fear of rejection.

9.How do adolescents