Chapter Seven: The Jeffersonian Era

I. The Rise of Cultural Nationalism
A. Patterns of Education
1. Central to the Republican vision was the concept of a virtuous and enlightened citizenry.
2. Republicans believed in the establishment of a nationwide system of public schools to create the educated electorate they believe a republic required.
3. A Massachusetts law of 1789 reaffirmed the colonial laws by which each town was obligated to support a school, but there was little enforcement.
4. Schooling became primarily of private institutions, most of which were open only to those who could afford to pay for them.
5. Many were frankly aristocratic in outlook, training their students to become members of the nation’s elite.
6. In
6. One of the most striking features of the Second Great Awakening was the preponderance of women within in.
7. Handsome Lake, a Seneca whose seemingly miraculous “rebirth” after years of alcoholism, called for a revival of traditional Indian ways.
8. The Second Great Awakening also had important effects on those Americans who did not accept its teachings—freethinkers.
Subsection Summary: The Second Great Awakening revolved around the fight to prevent the spread of religious rationalism and to revitalize church organizations.
Sections I Summary: The rise of cultural nationalism reflected the Republican vision of the nation’s future, but posed a serious challenge to Republican ideals.

II. Stirrings of Industrialism
A. Technology in America
1. The British government attempted to protect the nation’s manufacturing preeminence by preventing the export of textile machinery or the emigration of skilled mechanics.
2. Immigrants arrived in the United States with advanced knowledge of English technology, eager to introduce the new machines to America in which they later produced their own several important inventors.
3. Even more influential for the future of the nation were the inventions of Eli Whitney, who revolutionized both cotton production and weapons manufacturing—“cotton gin.”
4. The cotton