Unit 2 Lecture Study Guide
1) What are the parts of an atom? Where are the subatomic particles found?
The parts of the atom are the proton, neutron, and electron. The Proton and Neutron are found inside the nucleus of the atom and the electron is found outside the nucleus.
2) How does the Atomic Mass # differ from the Atomic #?
The atomic number is the number of protons in the atom; the atomic mass is the number of neutrons plus protons.
3) What is an isotope? Give an example (show how it is an isotope).
An isotope is an element that can have different numbers of neutrons. An example is Carbon-12, Carbon-13, and Carbon-14.
4) Compare and contrast the 3 basic types of chemical bonds and give an example of each.
Type
INFO
Example
Ionic
Ionic bonds are made up of an anion and a cation.
Na + Cl = NaCl, or salt
Covalent
A covalent chemical bond results from the sharing of electrons between two atoms
H + H = H2
Metallic
Because no one atom in a metal sample has a strong hold on its electrons and shares them with its neighbors, we say that they are bonded
Zn+ Zn= 2Zn

5) Why is pH important in Anatomy?
In anatomy, pH isn’t actually that important. In Physiology, however, it is essential because the body must maintain a careful pH balance in order from the organs to work.
6.9) Name the 4 main Organic Molecules in Biochemistry. Describe each one, and provide an example. What are the “building blocks” of each molecule? For example, protein = Amino Acid.
Name
Description
Example
Building Block
Proteins
They are used in a variety of ways from building the structure of cells to defense hemoglobin Amino acids
Lipids
They are used for storing energy glycerides Fatty acids
Carbohydrates
Used for storing energy but plant cells also use them for support.
Cellulose, lactose monosaccharide Nucleic acids
Used to transfer genetic codes and instructions for building proteins.
DNA and RNA nucleotides 10) There are 4 levels of protein structure. What are the levels? How do the levels of a protein differ in structure and function? The four levels of protein structure are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Primary refers to the structure of amino acids in proteins. Secondary refers to the folding of polypeptides into sheets. Tertiary refers to when the molecule folds back on itself. Quaternary refers to a complex structure formed by the interaction of two or more polypeptides. 11) Describe the structure of ATP and why it is important? ATP is an Adeline base with three phosphate sugars. Because the three sugars are all negatively charged, ATP is very unstable. It is the primary energy type in cells, which is what makes it so important. 12) Why is the plasma membrane important to cells? The plasma