Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Dr. Kennedy

1. Nucleus- the nucleus is the brain of the cell; this means it controls all activity of the cell. Production of proteins is also controlled by the nucleus.
2. Ribosome’s- are responsible for protein synthesis which is bringing together of raw materials of amino acids and RNA to produce proteins for the nucleus. These proteins are necessity for organisms and cells to function properly.
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum- here we have two in one. We have the Smooth ER and the Rough ER. This area is where protein and membrane synthesis happens. Also the Smooth ER and Rough ER make up half of the membranous tissue in the cell. Rough ER has been named for the prescience of Ribosome’s and is a source of protein. The Smooth ER does not have ribosomes and processes metabolic processes. The Smooth ERs responsibility is for lipid synthesis. An example of a metabolic process would b the breakdown of drugs.
4. Cytoskeleton- Provides frame work internally for the cell. It helps give each cell it own shape and form. For cell movement and mitosis the cytoskeleton is necessary.
5. Cytoplasm- is a gelatin like substance found in the cell. This gelatin protects, cushions the internal organelles.
6. The Golgi Apparatus- is responsible for getting the materials made by the ER and ribosomes to the rest of the cell.
7. Mitochondria- cellular respiration happens here. During this process ATP is made and the cell uses it for energy.
8. Lysosomes- They are responsible for breaking down macromolecules by using hydrolysis. This keeps excess buildup from happening.
9. &10. Vacuoles and Vesicles- membrane sacs that function a multitude of ways as containment units. So if there is excess water or molecules these membranous sacs contain them.
Four Basic Tissue Types with Function and Location-
Epithelial Tissue- functions to protect us from many exposures this is our skin. Allows us to absorb this would be our stomach and intestines. Through the epithelium we have a way to filter that is done through the kidneys. Also To secrete through our glands, for instance sweating.
Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue is a loose connective tissue they have flexible elastic fibers, most of this tissue is found all over our bodies. It connects or epithelium for example.
Muscle Tissue- Skeletal muscle helps our joints move, hold us together. Voluntary control and multiple nuclei. Also maintains our posture. Cardiac muscle is an involuntary muscle that generally functions without stimulation. This muscle is responsible for our heart beating and pumping blood in and throughout our body. Constantly working, and single nucleus.
Neural Tissue- nerves that conduct electric pulses that send information or instructions to various places in our body. An example would be our face to create facial expressions.

Five different Types of Epithelial Tissue examples of Function and Location-

Simple Squamous- single layer tissues, responsible for filtration, diffusion and secretions of the body. Some of these can be found in the lungs with the alveoli, blood capillaries and ventral body cavity.
Simple Columnar- single layer some ciliated column like cells.
Function absorption, secretion and protections examples are uterus, stomach and gallbladder linings.
Stratified