Chapter 1

1. The levels of organization in order from smallest to largest are: chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, and organismal level. All the levels are living, except the chemical level.

2. Name the basic functions of these systems:

A: Lymphatic 1. Returns fluids to blood vessels 2. Cleanses the blood 3. Involved in immunity

B: Endocrine 1. Secretes regulatory hormones -Growth -Reproduction -Metabolism

C: Muscular 1. Produces movement 2. Maintains posture 3. Produces heat

D: Reproductive 1. Produces offspring

E: Integumentary 1. Forms the external body covering 2. Protects deeper tissues from injuring 3. Helps regulate body temperature 4. Location of cutaneous nervous system 5. Synthesizes vitamin D

F: Digestive 1. Breaks down food 2. Allows for nutrients to absorb into the blood 3. Eliminates indigestible material

G: Respiratory 1. Keeps blood supply with oxygen 2. Removes carbon dioxide

H: Urinary 1. Eliminates nitrogenous wastes 2. Maintains the acid-base balance 3. Regulates -Water -Electrons

3. Draw a flowchart of the negative feedback mechanism pathway. Negative feedback is almost all feedback. Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms. Negative feedback shuts off original stimulus, or reduces its intensity. This works like a household thermostat.

Chapter 2

4. Enzymes act as a biological catalyst. They increase the rate of a chemical reaction at mil fold. They do not change. They are reusable. They have a very specific purpose. Their ending suffix is –ase.

5. An enzymes active site will connect with a substrate. They must match perfectly for this to happen, and this is why they are very specific.

Chapter 3

6. The two common forms of active transport are: A. Active transport -Solute pumping

B. Vesicular transport -Exocytosis (outside) -Endocytosis (inside) 1. Phagocytosis (to eat) 2. Pinocytosis (to drink)

7. The common forms of passive transport are:

A. Diffusion
Particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution; movement is from high concentration to low or down a concentration gradient.

1.Simple 2. Osmosis 3. Facilitated Diffusion

B. Filtration
Water and solutes are forces through a membrane by