LISTS 1. Features that identify a society as "civilized" a. Agriculture (irrigation) and breeding of animals = surplus food (goats, peig, cattle, sheep). Wheat, barley, rice, and maize.(Sci&Tech- polish stone tools. Ex: stone sickles) b. Cities: large apartment settlements= standard architecture & surplus manpower c. Writing (“gifts of the gods”)= records. Pictograph, ideogram, cuneiform. d. Institutions for centralized & inherited power . - Priesthood for centralized sacred ritual . - Kingship for centralized political and social structure (Paraoh= kings in Egypt) . 2. Geographical areas of early civilizations - Brotherhood of Man: Logos Lives in everything and everyone as fire
DEFINITION (know the basic meaning or reference of each term)
-Polytheism/monotheism: the belief in many gods/ the belief in only one god. - Post & lintel: the simplest form or architectural construction, consisting of vertical members (posts) and supporting horizontals (lintels). - Caste System: a rigid social stratification in India based on differences in wealth, rank, or occupation. - Muse/muses: music - Ziggurat: a terraced tower of rubble and brick that served ancient Mesopotamians as a temple-shrine. - Pharaoh: title of Egyptian king. - Dialectic: question-and- answer style (Socrates) - Animism: the belief that the forces of nature are inhibited by spirits. - Homeopathic: power infused based on likeness or imitation. *exaggerates sometime. - Hellenistic: followed by the Classical era; the blending of Greek, African, and Asian cultures. - Pantheism: the belief that a divine spirit pervades all things in universe. - Contagion: power transferred by contact. - Stoic Logos: Seminal Reason, through which all things came to be, by which all things were ordered, and to which all things returned. - Myth: story form (poetry) vs. philosophy or scientific explanation; typically involving gods and ancestors with supernatural power. Purpose: to order universe and society. - Ethnocentric: the belief in the inherent
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