1. Avoidance learning- Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which an individual's behavior is modified by its consequences; the behaviour may change in form, frequency, or strength
2. Behaviorism- the theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns
3. Classical conditioning- a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
4. Cognitive map- a mental representation of one's physical environment
5. Conditioned response- an automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus.
6. Conditioned stimulus- the stimulus that is the occasion for a conditioned response
7. Reinforcement- The occurrence or experimental introduction of an unconditioned stimulus along with a conditioned stimulus
8. Escape learning- Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which an individual's behavior is modified by its consequences; the behaviour may change in form, frequency, or strength.
9. Extinction- When operant behavior that has been previously reinforced no longer produces reinforcing consequences the behavior gradually stops occurring
10. Learning- the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, study, or by being taught
11. Modeling- a form of learning where individuals ascertain how to act or perform by observing another individual
12. Negative reinforce- involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus when a desired behavior occurs.
13. Observational learning- learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others.
14. Operant Conditioning- conditioning in which an operant response is brought under stimulus control by virtue of presenting reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of the operant response
15. Partial reinforcement- in operant conditioning, a contingency of reinforcement whereby a response is rewarded or punished only some of the time.
16. Positive reinforcer -occurs when a reward, sometimes called a reinforcer, is given for a specific desired behavior.
17. Primary reinforcer- positive reinforcing stimulus: a reinforcing stimulus that serves to increase the likelihood of the response that produces it
18. Punishment- any change in a human or animal's surroundings that occurs after a given behavior or response which reduces the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future.
19. Shaping- behavioral term that refers to gradually molding or training an organism to perform a specific response (behavior) by reinforcing any responses that are similar to the desired response.
20. Secondary reinforcer- reinforcing only after the organism has been conditioned to find it reinforcing.
21. Spontaneous reinforcer-
22. Unconditioned response- there are stimuli that can produce responses all by themselves and without any prior learning
23. Unconditioned stimulus- is any stimulus that can evoke a response without the organism going through any previous learning;
B.F. Skinner
B. F. Skinner was one of the most influential of American psychologists. A radical behaviorist, he developed the theory of operant conditioning -- the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or less likely that the behavior will occur again. His principles are still incorporated within treatments of phobias, addictive behaviors, and in the enhancement of classroom performance (as well as in computer-based self-instruction). Skinner believed that the only scientific approach to psychology was one that studied behaviors, not internal (subjective) mental processes. He denied the existence of a mind as a thing separate from the body, but he did not deny the existence of thoughts, which he
Population and the Advocate Role Paper General Questions - General General Questions BSHS 442 Week 1 Individual Assignment Specific Population and the Advocate Role Paper BSHS 442 Week 2 Individual Assignment Mediation and Advocacy Literature Review BSHS 442 Week 2 Learning Team Interview with an Advocate BSHS 442 Week 3 Individual Assignment Challenges of Being an Advocate and Neutral Facilitator (Mediator) Paper BSHS 442 Week 3 Learning Team Mediator Interview…
policies designed to promote the human rights, inclusion, equal life chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities; -National Health Service and Community Care Act 1980, -Disability discrimination Act 2005. -Equality act 2010. -Disability equality duty 2006. -The Mental Capacity Act 2005 Organisational policies and procedures; Valuing People: A New Strategy for Learning Disability for the 21st Century (Department of Health 2001a) 1.2 -Human Rights. The Human Rights Act 1998…
of how educational administrators can enhance teaching practices and student learning. As future school leaders it is imperative that we use these standards as tools in assisting us when making a decision regarding our stakeholders. However, applying the ISLLC standards in a school setting does not guarantee success for a school leader, but it does facilitate the process in creating a positive school culture in a learning…
Help generate support for the school counseling program An advisory Board is used to personalize a schools learning environment. A team of school community stakeholders including but limited to parents, teachers, school counselors, administrators, social workers, members of the criminal justice programs, churches, parks, recs I found that the participants' described social-emotional learning and social justice education as the primary purpose of the ninth grade advisory . Second, the advisory …
because they may have a learning disability. What is puzzling about these students is that they will understand something one day and it will click and the next day it will be gone, and they will not understand. It is important as teachers that these students are not mistaken for being lazy or dumb. They have the same amount of potential as any other child, but they may need help to reach their best. Mercer & Pullen (2009), explains that there is no one definition for learning disabilities, in fact…
conduct will be discussed in detail. Integrative Final Paper First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge the valuable and enriching learning experience I had at DaVita. During my time at DaVita, I worked with a variety of different client populations, which ranged in race, ethnicity, and age. Upon learning that I would be interning at DaVita, I was surprised that there was a need for social workers at a dialysis clinic. After completing my internship at DaVita, I have…
and interpersonal interactions Human aids to communication Advocate- A positive for having an advocate is that they can help people with learning difficulites or hearing difficulties to express their thoughts and opinions. A negative of having an advocate is that advocates may interpret information incorrectly or have selective hearing. Interpreters- A positive for having an interpreter is that it makes it easier for people with learning difficulties or barriers makes it easier and quicker to communicate…
front against adversity and to advocate for the rights of pharmacists as a profession. Especially for a profession like pharmacy, a lot of our professionals either work behind the scenes or are restrained within a specific setting. More and more, we need fellow leaders with strengths for command and the ability to woo others to help provide the general public to become aware of pharmacy contributions and lead our profession through events like Day at the Dome to advocate for our rights. Through the…
examples of times when you have advocated on behalf of one of your clients. Explain how you were limited by any conflict of interests or dilemmas. Who did you turn to for help? In which of the examples would have the client benefited from an independent advocate and why? 1.1,1.2,1.4,1.6,3.1,5.4. Examples: 1. I am supporting a client that find it difficult to express himself and whom is challenged with mental ill-health of duo diagnosis. He has a low self esteem and feels suspicious but part of the treatment/approach…
them a chance to speak. Finally providing opportunity to grow shows the nurse cares for improvement in the staff. This strategy of being a role model is a way of being a leader. The second strategy for the nurse is being an advocate which is another way of being a leader. An advocate is someone who supports others. For example, a Physician may order something that is against the patient’s wishes and is supported by documentation. The nurse has to defend the patient against the Physician because the legalities…