STUDY GUIDE
ENG 090

Parts of Speech
Noun – Names a person, place, or thing.
Preposition – Shows a relationship between words (source, direction, location, etc.)
Adjectives (superlative and comparative) – Adds information about the noun
Adverb (used to, well, good) - Adds information about the verb, adjective, or other adverb; expresses time, place, and frequency.
Pronoun (I, me, and myself; his/her or their) – Replaces one or more nouns
Subordinating Conjunction – Connects two ideas when one idea is subordinate ( or inferior) to the other idea.
Parts of Sentence
Subject – Topic of the sentence
Verbs – Expresses an action or state of being

Sentence Structure
Parallelism - Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses
Subject-verb agreement (neither, nor) - a subject and verb agree in number. When two subjects are joined by or or no, the verb agrees with the subject that is the closest to it.
Pronoun Agreement (indefinite pronouns) – When you refer to people or things whose identity is not known or is unimportant.
Consistent Verb Tense – A verb tense gives your readers an idea about the time that an event occurred. A faulty tense shift occurs when you shift from one tense to another for no logical reason. When you write essays, ensure that your tenses are consistent.
Sentence Variety
Adverb – An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, and it often ends in –ly. Quickly and frequently are adverbs. Non –ly adverbs include words such as sometimes and often.
Appositive – Is a word or phase that gives further information about a noun or pronoun. who, which, or that clause – relative pronoun. ed modifier – You can begin your sentence with a past participle, which is a verb that has an –ed ending. There are also many irregular past participles such as gone, seen, and known.
-ing modifier – You can begin your sentence with a present participle, or –ing word. Combine sentences using an –ing modifier only when the two actions happen at the same time. prepositional phrase – is a group of words made up of a preposition and its object. In the morning and at dawn are prepositional phrases.

Common Errors in Writing punctuation (4 common commas, ending punctuation-exclamation point, and parenthesis, hyphen, and dash)
4 common commas – Commas after introductory words and phrases
Commas around interrupting words and phrases
Commas in compound sentences
Commas in complex sentences ( - ) Hyphen – with some compound nouns ( Compound means more than one part) Sister-in-law show-off ( - ) Dash – You can use dashes to indicate long pauses or to dramatically emphasize words. Use dashes sparingly. ( ) Parentheses – You can use parentheses to set off incidental