27. Kinds of epithet. Structural typesof epithets.
EPITHET – an stylistic device emphasizing some quality of a person, thing\idea. Function – characterization, very subjective and evaluative. Shouldn’t be confused with logical attributes. (wooden table, wooden face, grey sky – steel sky.) Epithets are said to create an image, there is a certain mood attributed, while logical attribute give characteristic properties of an object or a theme.
Fixed epithet(stable) – they become fixed through long. (красна девица, диво дивное, a fair lady, true love, green wood).
Structurally epithets can be of different kinds: 1. As single epithet=> adj+noun (angry sky, dead silence); 2. In pairs (a tired old town); 3. In strings, chains (in the cold grey
Three kinds of irony:1. verbal irony is when an author says one thing and means something else.
2. dramatic irony is when an audience perceives something that a character in the literature does not know. 3. irony of situation is a discrepency between the expected result and actual results. Function: - to express a feeling of irritation, displeasure, pity or regret; - to show the author's attitude to smth; - evaluation of an object\phenomenon; - to convey a negative meaning; - to produce a humorous effect; - a word used ironically may sometimes express very subtle, almost imperceptible nuances of meaning.

25. Pun (play of words)
PUN – a device based on policemy, homonymy, phonetic similarity. Used to achieve a humorous effect . The use of a word in such a way as to suggest 2 or more meanings or the use of 2 or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with diff meanings so as to cause laughter. Different meanings are realized simultaneously thus giving rise to ambiguity which can lead to misunderstanding.
Functions: - to create a humorous effect.
15. Usual and occasional connotations of phrases in a discourse.
All compound units are expressive means of language but they render the speaker’s evaluative attitude,they’re emotive & image bearing. We are between usual & occasional stylistic connotations.By using term “usual” we mean lack of changes in dictionary meaning of phrase. People believe that