Mr. Wilson is a 47 year old man being evaluated for complaints of fatigue, anorexia and abdominal distention. On examination, it is noted that the skin is jaundiced and the liver enlarged. D.W. denies significant alcohol or drug use. He denies any known exposure to hepatitis and has never been vaccinated for hepatitis. He is taking no medication. Laboratory tests reveal the following and a diagnosis of acute hepatitis B is made:
1. Review and analyze the laboratory data. What diagnosis is supported by these values? Give your rationale. Mr. Wilson’s lab work is reviewed below: * AST 142 IU/L * AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme and blood sample results It can also bridge to central veins, confluent necrosis (Mani & Kleiner, 2009). This leads to scarring, the creation of fibrous strands and in many cases will lead to fibrosis. Throughout the liver cells are becoming damaged therefore blocking and limiting the livers functionality. Hormone secretion, chemicals and toxins in the blood, clotting factors and other defense fighting macrophages are interrupted (Copstead, 2010). Along with the inflammation, the patient will feel fatigued and will have a lowered immunity. * Ascites and peripheral edema: Abdominal distention, ascites, is a result of the damaged cells within the liver and more specifically the membrane of the cell has been damaged. There is an intra-abdominal buildup of sodium, water and protein. The cells in the liver are unable to maintain the appropriate osmotic gradient across the pleura (Copstead, 2010). This extra fluid is likely to accumulate in the dependant areas of a person’s body, such as ankles, legs, and arms (Kukka, 2010). * Jaundice: Red blood cells have a short life span and as they die and/or are damaged the body will break them down and dispose of them. This is referred to as bilirubin metabolism and this happens in three phases; pre, intra and posthepatic. (Copstead, 2010). The red blood cells should be broken down, delivered to the liver and then transported through the biliary system and thus be
Hepatitis As with so many diseases all around the world, we've come a long way in understanding the different types of hepatitis. They are caused by the contamination of food or water, the practice of unsafe sex, and by using dirty syringes or needles. There are six known types of hepatitis, but the three which are most common include A-B-and C. Several drugs are now in the process to treat hepatitis B, and a growing number of doctors and scientist are becoming available to manage, and potentially…
Mercedes Brown 7th December 2, 2012 Hepatitis B is a virus in the liver caused by contact with infected blood, semen, and other body fluids. Spread from person to person and is a blood borne virus. (Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Definition.") A virus is cell made of proteins and nucleic acids that replicates in living cells to infect the organism. This virus has caused many social issues, because a person cannot know for sure if they have Hepatitis B until they start showing symptoms. Symptoms do not start…
HEPATITIS C Carly Miller June 28, 2015 Disease Process HEPATITIS C Hepatitis C (HCV) is a virus that causes inflammation of the liver. It is a member of the family of viruses that include hepatitis A and hepatitis B. The viruses behave differently and have different modes of transmission. Hepatitis C can cause serious liver damage, liver failure, liver cancer, and even death. About 3.2 million people in the U.S. currently live with chronic hepatitis C infection. The virus is most…
Hepatitis C and Co-morbidities in the United States Susan A. November 30, 2014 Abstract Hepatitis simply defined indicates inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis C is a disease caused by a specific virus (HCV) which spreads primarily through contact with the blood of an infected person. Hepatitis C can be either acute or chronic. In the early stages, many are asymptomatic and if symptomatic, complaints are typically vague. The CDC estimates the prevalence of HCV to be 2.7-3.9 million…
Hepatitis: Liver Inflammation Karla Gonzalez PHR-100 Ms. Blake July 8, 2014 Viral hepatitis is a global health problem that affects hundreds of millions of children and adults. Although multiple viral pathogens have been associated with hepatitis, three in particular hepatitis A, B, and C are responsible for the majority of virally-linked hepatitis cases. Hepatitis D and E infections are also important, although not as commonly diagnosed. The symptoms and signs to this virus in the acute…
Chronic Viral Hepatitis Clinical fact sheet By Esther Mageto ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Electronic or manual submission UNIT Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 3 CODE TITLE NAME OF STUDENT (Print clearly) FAMILY NAME: MAGETO FIRST NAME: ESTHER STUDENT ID NO. 10252885 NAME OF LECTURER : Dr. NICK GIBSON DUE DATE 14TH aPRIL 2014 Topic of assignment: CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS Group or tutor: RANI BURWOOD Course: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE NURSING AND MIDWIFERY…
liver volume – Because liver size will change with age Decrease in hepatobilary function Decrease drug metabolism: which increases the vulnerability for drug-induced hepatitis and increase risk for drug interactions Decrease ability to respond to injury Hepatitis Most common cause for liver inflammation is viral infection Acute Infection: Inflammation causes damage liver cell and may develop into hepatic cell necrosis. If there are no complications, the liver cells can regenerate and regain…
weeks of the initial exposure to the virus during a period called primary or acute HIV infection. Many infections that are not HIV can cause similar symptoms, including mononucleosis, viral hepatitis, other sexual transmitted infections, and viral hepatitis. Stress and anxiety can also produce similar symptoms in some people, even though they do not have HIV.Because of the nonspecific symptoms associated with primary or acute HIV infection, symptoms are not a reliable way to diagnose HIV infection.…
is formed in the liver and is carried by ducts to the intestines. Bile then helps digest fats in the intestines. Biliary cirrhosis can scar or block these ducts. It represents 15-20% of all cirrhosis. Various types of chronic hepatitis, especially hepatitis B and hepatitis C, can cause postnecrotic cirrhosis. This form of the disease affects up to 40% of all patients who have cirrhosis. Disorders like the inability to metabolize iron and similar disorders may cause pigment cirrhosis (hemochromatosis)…
Case Study: Hepatitis A Location: Acme County Community College Case: Six students at Acme County Community College have tested positive for Hepatitis A. All three live within a mile of campus. Hepatitis A (HAV) is an acute infectious disease that causes inflammation of the liver. There are five (5) other types of Hepatitis which includes: Hepatitis B, C, D, E, F, and G, but HAV is the most common and the lease serious of liver disease. “HAV reproduces itself by utilizing the liver…