1. Know how to recognise signs of abuse

a. Define the following types of abuse: Physical abuse Sexual abuse Emotional/psychological abuse Financial abuse Institutional abuse Self neglect Neglect by others b Identify the signs and/or symptoms associated with each type of abuse.
c. Describe factors that may contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse.

a. There are different types of abuse:

Physical Hitting, slapping, kicking
Sexual Unwanted advances, indecent exposure, harassment
Emotional Intimidation, blaming
Financial Misappropriation of monies, not giving correct change
Institutional Where a person is not treated as an individual
Neglect Inadequate care, denial of basic rights

b. Signs and/or symptoms associated with each type of abuse.

Physical Abuse

Injuries that are the shape of objects injuries in a variety of stages or injuries that have not received medical attention
A person being taken to many different places to receive medical attention
Skin infections
Dehydration or unexplained weight changes or medication being lost
Behaviour that indicates that the person is afraid or avoiding the perpetrator
Change of behaviour

Sexual Abuse

Sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy
Tears or bruises in genital/anal areas
Soreness when sitting
Signs that someone is trying to take control of their body image, for example, anorexia, bulimia or self-harm
Sexualised behaviour
Inappropriately dressed

Emotional/Psychological Abuse

Difficulty gaining access to the adult on their own
The adult not getting access to medical care or appointments with other agencies
Low self-esteem or lack of confidence and anxiety
Increased levels of confusion
Increased urinary or faecal incontinence
Sleep disturbance
The person feeling/acting as if they are being watched all of the time
Decreased ability to communicate language being used that is not usual for the service user
Deference/submission to the perpetrator

Financial Abuse

Sudden loss of assets
Unusual or inappropriate financial transactions
Visitors whose visits always coincide with the day a person's benefits are cashed
Insufficient food in the house
Bills not being paid
A sense that the person is being tolerated in the house due to the income they bring in; sometimes with that person not included in the activities the rest of the family enjoys

Institutional Abuse

treating adults like children arbitrary decision making by staff group, service or organisation strict, regimented or inflexible routines or schedules for daily activities such as meal times, bed / awakening times, bathing / washing, going to the toilet lack of choice or options, such as food and drink, dress, possessions, daily activities and social activities lack of privacy, dignity, choice or respect for people as individuals unsafe or unhygienic environment lack of provision for dress, diet or religious observance in accordance with an individual's belief or cultural background withdrawing people from individually valued community or family contact

Neglect by self or others

Malnutrition
Rapid or continuous weight loss
Not having access to necessary physical aides
Inadequate or inappropriate clothing
Untreated medical problems
Dirty clothing/bedding
Lack of personal care

c. Factors that may contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse

They may be less aware of their rights
They may be socially isolated
They may need help with personal care and daily living
They may not be able to express themselves clearly
They may have limited sex education
They may have to share a home with people they have not chosen to be with
They may live in poor housing
They may need more care than their carer can give
They may have difficulty understanding requests or actions
They may not know how to complain
They may receive support from several different carers
There may be a history of substance misuse

2. Know how to respond to