printing press
15th century invention which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself. ziggurat A massive stepped tower on which was built a temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess of a Sumerian city
Copernicus
1473-1543. Polish astronomer who was the first to formulate a scientifically based heliocentric cosmology that displaced the earth from the center of the universe. This theory is considered the epiphany that began the Scientific Revolution.
Napoleon
Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.
Machievilli
better to be feared then loved, the end justifies the means, wrote the Prince
Adam Smith
(Scottish economist) in The Wealth of Nations, he created the concept of laissez-faire ( government should leave economy alone) & applied natural law to means of production & exchange (supply & demand)
Renaissance Man a man who excelled in many fields reincarnation Hindu idea in which souls do not die when bodies do but pass into other beings, either human or animal. Where the soul goes depends on how good a life that person has led.
Mayan Civilization a member of a major pre-Columbian civilization of the Yucatán Peninsula that reached its peak in the 9th century a.d. and produced magnificent ceremonial cities with pyramids, a sophisticated mathematical and calendar system, hieroglyphic writing, and fine sculpture, painting, and ceramics.
Bantu
A family of languages in Africa. It was also the migration of subsistence farmers in West Africa to the south and east in search of fertile land. Drought and overpopulation led to problems with farming in West Africa.
Twelve Tables
Rome's first code of laws
5 Pillars of Islam
1. belief in one God, Allah, and Muhammad his prophet2. daily prayer; pray 5 times a day facing Mecca- mosques- Jewish places for worship 3. alms (offering) for the poor 4. fasting (sunrise to sunset) during Ramadan (September-October) 5. hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your lifetime (and visit Kaaba)
Crusades
1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade
Olympics
Sports to honor gods; Greeks
Phoenicians
first alphabetic writing system; great seafarers and traders. traded purple dye
Astrolabe
An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets
Guillotine
machine for beheading people
Zheng He made 7 voyages throughout the pacific and Indian oceans to display the richness of Chinese culture, prior to Chinese isolation
English Reformation
Henry VIII's break from the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther
German monk who started the Protestant Reformation which created a break from Catholic Church; 95 Thesis
Enlightenment
A movement of ideas that occurred in Europe between 1680 and 1790. Attempted to apply reason to understand, explain and even change the world.
Industrial Revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
Karl Marx
1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.
Hammuarbi's Code
First written code of Law; punishments based on social class
Scientific Revolution
A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.
Haitian Revolution
A major influence of the Latin American revolutions because of its successfulness; the only successful slave revolt in