Aristocracya government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility | Bureaucrat - One who works for a department or agency of the federal government - civil servant, not elected, appointed by a leader and approved by the senate | Caliphthe civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth | Caliphatethe territorial jurisdiction of a caliph | Chivalrythe medieval knight's code of ideal behavior, including bravery, loyalty, and respect for women | City-Statea sovereign state consisting of an autonomous city with its dependencies. | Civil Servicegovernment workers | CreditAn arrangement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the future. | Cultural Diffusionthe spread of cultural elements from one society to another | Decentralizedthe process of dispersing decision-making governance closer to the people and/or citizen | Dowrymoney or property brought by a woman to her husband at marriage | Eastern OrthodoxThe Christian religion of the Byzantine Empire in the middle east that formed from Christianity's schism between the remains of the western and eastern Roman Empire. The Christian church ruled by the Byzantine emperor and the patriarchs of various historically significant Christian centers/cities. | Fiefspieces of land given to vassals by their lord | GarrisonsA place where a group of soldiers is stationed for defensive purposes (e.g. along the Silk Roads) |

Gothica style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries | Hajjthe fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah | Heresythe crime of holding a belief that goes against established doctrine | Heretica person who holds unorthodox opinions in any field (not merely religion) | Hijabthe custom in some Islamic societies of women dressing modestly outside the home (e.g. veils and head scarfs) | Illegitimateborn of parents who are not married to each other; illegal | Infrastructurethe stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area | Interactiona mutual or reciprocal action | Inquisitionan official investigation; a severe interrogation (often violating the rights or privacy of individuals) | Interrogationan instance of questioning | Islamthe religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life | Literateable to read and write | Matriarcha female head of a family or tribe | Matrilineal -based on or tracing descent through the female line | Medievalrelating to or belonging to the Middle Ages | Meritocracythe belief that rulers should be chosen for their superior abilities and not because of their wealth or birth | Middle AgesThe historical period from around 500 A.D. up to around 1450 A.D. between the fall of Rome and the birth of the Renaissance | Migrationthe movement of persons from one country or locality to another | Monetary Systemanything that is generally accepted as a standard of value and a measure of wealth in a particular country or region |

Mosque
Muslim house of worship

Muslim a believer or follower of Islam Nation-StateA country who's population share a common identity. | Orthodoxtraditional; (of someone) conservative in belief; adhering to an established doctrine | Patriarchthe male head of family or tribe | Patriarchalmale led society and householdPersecutionthe act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion) | Pilgrimssomeone who journeys to another place | Pilgrimagea journey to a sacred place | | | Primogeniture- right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son | Roman CatholicThe Christian religion of Europe that formed from Christianity's schism between the remains of the western and eastern Roman Empire; based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal