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The resolution pledged to “to contribute to the social and economic development of Crimea and the prosperity of its population, to maintain peace, calm and conciliation on this territory during the transition period.”

Even the last Soviet leader, Mikhail S. Gorbachev, whose role in the dissolution of the Soviet Union is deeply reviled in Russia, endorsed Crimea’s move, telling Interfax that its independence “should be welcomed and not met with the announcement of sanctions.”

“If until now Crimea had been joined to Ukraine because of Soviet laws that were taken without asking the people, then now the people have decided to rectify this error,” he said.

Earlier Monday the United States froze the assets and banned travel for 11 Russian and Ukrainian political figures, including top aides and allies of Mr. Putin as well as former President Viktor F. Yanukovych of Ukraine, whose ouster following pro-Western street protests last month prompted the Russian military incursion into Crimea. The European Union followed suit with sanctions against 21 Russians and Ukrainians, although none as prominent as those on the American list.

“We’re making it clear there are consequences for these actions,” Mr. Obama said in a televised statement in the White House briefing room on Monday morning. “The international community will continue to stand together to oppose any violations of Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity.”

He repeated that Russia can still defuse the conflict. “Going forward, we can calibrate our response based on whether Russia chooses to escalate or de-escalate the situation,” he said. “Now, I believe there is still a path to resolve this situation diplomatically.”

Mr. Obama was sending Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. to Eastern Europe later Monday evening to meet with leaders of Poland, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia, NATO allies that feel especially nervous about Russian assertiveness. The president leaves for Europe next week on a previously scheduled trip that may be consumed with the Ukraine crisis.
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Vladislav Surkov, one of President Vladimir V. Putin’s most influential advisers, was sanctioned by the United States, in