13th Amendment – an amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1865, that has abolished slavery and involuntary servitude
14 Points – the principles making up Wilson’s plan for world peace following World War I
14th Amendment – an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1868, that makes all persons born or naturalized in the United States - including former slaves – citizens of the country and guarantees equal protection of the laws
15th Amendment – an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1870, that prohibits the denial of voting rights to people because of their race or color or because they have previously been slaves
17th Amendment – an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1913, that provides for the election of U.S. Senators by the people rather than by state legislatures
26th Amendment – an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1971, granting all citizens aged 18 and older the right to vote
38th Parallel – formed the dividing line between North and South Korea
Addams, Jane – one of the most influential members of the settlement house movement; founder of Hull House in Chicago affirmative action – a policy that seeks to correct the effects of past discrimination by favoring the groups who were previously disadvantaged
Agricultural Adjustment Act – (AAA) a law enacted in 1933 to raise crop prices by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of their land unplanted, thus lowering production
Al Qaeda – terrorist organization who claimed responsibility for the 9-11 attacks
Allied Powers – in World War I, the group of nations – originally consisting of Great Britain, France, and Russia and later joined by the United States, Italy, and others – that opposed the Central Powers; in World War II, the group of nations including Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States – that opposed the Axis Powers
American Expeditionary Force – (AEF) the U.S. forces, led by General Pershing, who fought with the Allies in Europe during World War I
American Indian Movement – (AIM) a frequently militant organization that was formed in 1968 to work for Native American rights
Americans with Disabilities Act – a civil rights law, passed in 1990, that prohibits discrimination based on disability anarchist – a person who opposes all forms of government
Angel Island – immigration station located in San Francisco Bay where roughly 50,000 Chinese immigrants entered the United States between 1910 and 1940
Anthony, Susan B. – leading proponent of woman suffrage, co-founder of the National Women Suffrage Association appeasement – the granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep the peace assimilation – a minority group’s adoption of the beliefs and way of life of the dominant culture
Axis Powers – the group of nations – including Germany, Italy, and Japan – that opposed the Allies in World War II baby boom – the sharp increase in the U.S. birthrate following World War II
Battle of Midway – a World War II battle that took place in early June 1942. The Allies decimated the Japanese fleet at Midway, an island lying northwest of Hawaii. The Allies then took the offensive in the Pacific and began to move closer to Japan
Battle of Wounded Knee – the massacre by U.S. soldiers of 300 unarmed Native Americans at Wounded Creek, South Dakota in 1890
Berlin Airlift – a 327 day operation in which U.S. and British planes flew food and supplies into West Berlin after the Soviets blockaded the city in 1948
Big Stick Diplomacy – Theodore Roosevelt’s policy of backing up diplomatic relations with military force
Black Panthers – a militant African American political organization formed in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale to fight police brutality and to provide services in the ghetto
Black Tuesday – a name given to October 29, 1929, when stock prices fell sharply bootlegger – a person who smuggled alcoholic beverages into the United States during Prohibition
Bradley, Omar – Army field commander and general