Heating system in the body
Thermostat in the house
Coordinating center
Hypothalamus turns warming system on
Coordinating center compares the thermostat temperature to the temperature set by the resident
If the temperature in the room is too low the thermostat sends a signal to furnace to turn on
Regulators
Skin blood vessels stops blood flow to skin which reduces the amount of heat in the skin
Skeletal Muscle contract; shivering causes heat production; Body hair stands erect to save heat
Thermostat sends a signal to the furnace to turn off so the house won’t get to hot.
Monitors
Thermo receptors in the skin send messages to the brain that the body is getting to cold
The temperature monitor in the thermostat registers the room temperature
In conclusion both the heating system and the thermostat in our house have signals that send the message to the main input, the brain in our body and the thermostat in the house.
b) Negative feedback system is involved because it changes the variable back to its original value and is constantly adjusting within the body.
43) The process of heat stress begins with the body’s thermoregulatory negative feedback system going into action to cool you down. As your body starts to get overheated thermo receptors in the skin send messages to the brain that the body is getting to hot. The hypothalamus in your brain then sends a response by a signal to the sweat gland to start initial sweating
44) Near the end of pregnancy the progesterone level decreases causing the ulteras to contract. The contraction releases a hormone called oxytocin which causes the ulteras to contract stronger since as the contraction increases the force and duration of the baby head pushes against the cervix. This causes the nerves the send a signals the brain to increase its contraction until the baby is born. After the baby is born the brain triggers the contraction to stop which in hence stops the release of oxytocin. The positive feed-back system increases the contraction system so the baby is delivered as soon as possible.
45)
Steps
Description
Filtration .
Water fluids move out of the blood in to the Bowman’s capsule. From there the blood flows through the afferent arteriole into the nephron then into the glomerulus. Glomerulus is a high pressure capillaries which lets blood pass through the narrow capillary. The narrow capillary act as a filter to stop the large molecule from going through it stops at the bowman’s capsule and flows into the proximal tube
Reabsorption( Active transport and passive transport)
Multi step process in which solute and water from the filtrate flows through the peritubular capillaries surrounding the nephron into the blood. As the filtrate moves through the proximal tubule glucose and amino acids are removed and returned to the blood. Next filtration passes through the loop of henle where water is drawn out by osmosis the water that comes out moves through the capillary back into the blood.
Secretion (Active transport)
The filtration then moves through the distal tubule where hydrogen ions and drugs are pulled out of the blood .then water is pulled and returned to the blood.
46) If a viral infection inflames the glomerulus it will result in the brights disease also known as the inflammation of the nephron. One type of nephritis affects the tiny blood vessels of the glomerulus. Toxins produced by bacteria destroy the tiny blood vessel altering the shape/ quality of the nephron. This leads to protein and large molecules are able to pass in to the nephron leading to the destruction of the nephron. When the nephron are destroyed it does not work properly in order to reabsorb protein instead it draws out water from the neighbouring peritubula capillary which increase urine. 48)
Word
Definition
Growth hormone
Regulates the development of long bones
Insulin
Increases the absorption of glucose by cells
Epinephrine
Is produced in times of
