"Even when blatant sexism and racism are absent, undertones of sexism, racism, or homophobia prompt discriminatory behaviors toward non-dominant members (see Swim, Aikin, Hall, & Hunter, 1995) or create tensions because discriminatory behaviors could occur (see Hecht et al., 1993; Woods, 1994). At other times, non-dominant members may feel uncomfortable because they apparently are the only members of their groups at organizational functions or they feel pressure in being different (for token status…
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