Russia was facing many crises in the early 20th century. Russia wasn’t very industrialized and had a weak transportation system because they were an agricultural society. Russia was a poor agrarian society and they opposed nationalism because they were multi-ethnic. The Tsar of Russia was Nicholas II, who was married to Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna. Tsar had many challenges towards his power that have happened throughout history including protests. Tsar depended on his army to keep his power. The Tsarist government of Russia faced serious dangers from 1900 to the outbreak of war in 1914 because of the citizens unrest, the political influences that challenged Tsar, and economic unrest in Russia which came from wars. On January 22, 1905, Father Gapon led many other unarmed, peaceful demonstrators to present a petition to the Tsar Nicholas II. The protesters were singing patriotic songs including the saying, “God save the Tsar!” The demonstrators were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard, which was called Bloody Sunday that is usually known as the start of the fighting in the revolution. The Tsar wasn’t at the Winter Palace nor the city but he received the blame for the deaths, which resulted in anger towards him. The Revolutions of 1905 began on January 22nd of 1905 which was directed towards the government. The Revolutions of 1905 included the peasants, industrial workers and many others which led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the Duma. The boyars were willing to work with Tsar as a constitutional monarchy to avoid socialists and marxists; they boyars didn’t rebel because their number was so small. The Revolutions of 1905 resulted in the revolutionaries being defeated and Nicholas II keeping the throne.
On February 17, 1905, Tsar published the Bulygin Rescript that promised the formation of a consultative assembly, freedom of speech and religious tolerance. The following day, Tsar Nicholas II agreed to create the Duma but with only consultative powers. Sergei Witte had doubled the size of the railroad and encouraged western investments. The October Manifesto, which was written by Sergei Witte, demanded Tsar to grant civil rights and giving the Duma the central legislative power. Finally, Tsar signed it on October 30th. He signed it because it would end the revolution and kept him in power for 12 more years because he feared losing his throne. The Constitution in 1906 formed 2 chambers, the Duma and a reformed State Council. The Duma was elected for a period of 5 years. Women and nearly half of male workers weren’t allowed to vote. The State Council was mostly made up of men appointed by the Tsar because he