INTRODUCTION
The term industrial revolution refers means the strong transformation of a society- economically, socially, culturally and geographically. The Industrial revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in manufacturing, agriculture, mining, transportation and technology had a profound effect on the social, cultural and economic conditions of the times.
FIRST IR
The main differences between the First and Second Industrial Revolution were the invisible hand in comparison to the visible hand in the Second Revolution. The use of non human labor such as coal and steam powered energy, compared to mass production with unskilled labor workers in the Second Industrial Revolution. Owners managing and
. It was the managements role to strive for optimal resource allocation and coordinate resources. American big business saw firms organized in a new way. Instead of being personally owned they were professionally managed and functionally organized.
The larger size of businesses presented great challenges to managers who administered enormous organizations with many branches and subsidiaries. Advances and innovations in communications and transportation helped decision makers to maintain control. The newspaper was invented and was used to relay commercial information about prices and markets. The telephone became a useful tool for managers to keep in contact with the widely dispersed parts of their businesses. New methods of management were devised that stressed central control, planning, and efficient production methods.
The railway was made possible by the development of the power station. The development of mass transport networks dominated the landscape and the city in developed countries. Innovation in the Second Industrial Revolution saw more science based and codification of knowledge and innovation. Compared to the first Industrial Revolution the government was a strong supporter of innovation throughout the Second Industrial Revolution.