Islam was started by a prophet named Muhammad who was born in 570 CE. Islam began in Muhammad’s birthplace, Mecca and in his resting place Medina, Saudi Arabia in the 7th century; more specifically 613 CE. Islam spread because of its impact on society and the surrounding countries. From a social standpoint Islam spread because of its emphasis on equality, and kingship because of this, Islam appealed to the lower class as well as rulers. From a Historical standpoint Islam spread because the Rashidun Caliphate was able to conquer all of the Sassanid Empire and half of the Byzantine Empire right after the Byzantine-Sassanid war of 602 to 628 CE.
Islam’s holy book, the Qur’an teaches that there is only one god, (in Islam’s case Allah) there are angels of god, their sacred text is the word of god, god gave them free will, that prophets will guide them, “final day” where god will come down and judge everyone, and that if you have faith and you live a good life, you will go to paradise, but if you are a hypocrite and live an evil life, you will live in eternal hellfire. It is also recommended that parents and caretakers of the Islamic faith should pray for and tahneek the child. Tahneek means to put something sweat into the child’s mouth, like honey or some sort of treat. The Qur’an teaches righteousness, ("Do good to parents, kinsfolk, orphans, those in need, neighbors who are of kin, neighbors who are strangers, the companion by your side, the wayfarer (you meet), and what your right hands possess." (4:36)) generosity, ("By no means shall you attain righteousness unless you give (freely) of that which you love." (3:92)) humility, ("Call on your Lord with humility and in private: for God loves not those who trespass beyond bounds." (7:55)) etc.; it also talks about holy days like Ramadan, where Muslims would fast and repent (Ramadan starts on June 29th this year and ends on July 28th ) or Mawlid Nabi, where Muslims would celebrate