The Mongols rule had significant economic, political, religious, and agricultural effects on both China and the Middle East. Although the Mongol takeover in the Middle East was far more harsh and abrupt than the takeover in China; the assimilation of cultures amongst the Mongols and the Middle East is more apparent.

Economical similarities and differences could be seen in both China and the Middle East following the Mongol rule. Both regions were taxed, however initially the Middle East Persians were often taxed more heavily, sometimes twenty to thirty times per year. Middle East Persians were sometimes tortured or whipped and their land was taken from them. In China, the Mongols used many of the Chinese techniques for taxation. Kublai Khan even lowered taxed during his reign.

The political and religious atmospheres following the Mongol Takeover had similarities and differences. Mongols adopted Chinese methods to run China. The Mongols even gave themselves government Chinese dynastic titles/names. The Mongols adopted a Chinese capital which today is modern day Beijing. Kublai Khan ordered Chinese style religious tablets which required that the people in China honor his ancestors who were ultimately assigned Chinese names. During their reign the Mongols held the leadership positions in China. The Mongols reign in the Middle East was much different. The Mongols allowed the people of Persia to run government and continue traditional Islamic rituals. Many of the Mongol people ultimately adopted the language of the Middle East and ultimately assimilated into Islamic culture.

The effects of the Mongol takeover on Agriculture in China and the Middle East were very different. The nomadic culture of migrating with animals was