Human brain is the most important and highly organized structure of human body. It coordinates and controls all the complex activities in the body. The brain and the spinal cord makes the central nervous system (CNS). The average weight of + human brain is about 3 pounds and is made up of more than 100 billion neurons. Human brain is made up of two types of tissues- gray matter and white matter. Gray matter contains unmyelinated neurons, most of which are interneurons. White matter is made up of bundles of long-range myelinated neurons. Brain and spinal cord baths in a particular type of fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is responsible for the protection of the brain which helps to cushion any physical blows to the head. The brain
The concept of medical imaging was invented by W. C. Rontgen in 1895. He accidently discovered the X-rays, which helps to picturize the internal parts of human body in different shades of black and white [5]. After the intervention of X-Rays, different anatomical and functional medical imaging modalities are emerged for medical imaging. MRI is one of the commonly used methods for brain imaging. MRI works on the basis of principle of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It is a non-invasive imaging method, mainly used for the representation of soft tissues. The main advantage of MRI over other imaging modalities is that it does not emit any harmful radiations to the human body [6]. In this work, we proposed two efficient methods for the preprocessing MR brain images- skull stripping and contrast enhancement, which helps to segment the tumored area more
Djerouni et al. proposed an efficient method for the enhancement of MR brain images called as Newtonian operator (NO) [33]. After the enhancement they performed segmentation operation using fuzzy clustering method. Their method can be considered as a convolution filter but presents the originality of the adaptive found of convolution mask coefficients. Their experimental results show that the method produces images with low noise susceptibility and the low contrast images are enhanced without over-smoothing the