12. The three phyla of Fungi
Phyla
Characteristics
Example
Zygomycetes
(Zygomycota)
Zygomycetes are coenocytic. This means they do not contain septae. Septae is used to divide the hyphae (filamentous structures) into different compartments.
Bread Mold
Ascomycetes
(Ascomycota)
Many members of this group of saprobic fungi live as part of the symbiotic relationship called lichen.
These fungi produce sexual ascospores, which are contained in sacs.
Yeast & Mildews
Basidiomycetes
(Basiodiomycota)
These club-shaped fungi are known for their haploid basidiospores and decomposing wood.
Mushrooms & Rusts

13. Examples of Invertebrates
Invertebrate Phyla
Examples
Porifera
Sponges
Cinidarians
Hydra and Jellyfish
Platyhelminthes
Flatworms and Tapeworms
Nematoda
Roundworms
Annelida
Segmented worms: Earthworms & Leeches
Mollusca
Squids, Octopuses, Slugs, Clams & Snails
Arthropoda
Insects(Grasshoppers), Crustaceans (Shrimp, Craps) and Arachnids (Spiders)
Echinodermata
Sea Stars (Starfish) and Sea Urchins

14. List four characteristics common to all chordate phyla:
Dorsal hollow nerve cord: forms the nervous system and becomes the brain and spinal cord in some.
Notochord: long support rod that is replaced by bone in most.
Pharyngeal gill slits: slit-containing structure, which functions in respiration and/or feeding.
Tail: extension past the anus that is lost by birth in many species

20. What do the terms Aceolomate, Pseudocoelomate, and Coelomate mean?