Body Substance Isolation
AND
UNIVERSAL
PRECAUTIONS TRAINING

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
• Blocks entry of an organism into the body
– Gloves are most common

• Make sure all first aid kits contain several pairs of vinyl, laytex, or Nitrile gloves
• Protective eyewear, standard surgical masks, and/or respirators may be necessary
• Mouth to barrier (breathing masks) are also recommended PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPE)
• No case of disease transmission to a rescuer as a result of performing unprotected CPR in an infected victim has been documented (only 15 cases of infection reported in last 30 years!) .
However, mouth to barrier devices are still strongly recommended!

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
• Individuals infected with Hepatitis B
Virus (HBV) or HIV may not show symptoms and may not even know they are infectious.
• All human blood and body fluids should be considered infectious, and precautions should be taken to avoid contact. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
• The Body Substance Isolation (BSI) technique assumes that all body fluids are a potential risk.
• Follow BSI procedures even when blood and/or body fluids are not visible

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
• Wear appropriate PPE, such as gloves
• Use absorbent barriers to soak up blood or other infectious materials
• Clean the spill area with an appropriate disinfecting solution, such as bleach
• Discard contaminated materials in an appropriate waste disposal container

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
• If you have been exposed to blood or body fluids: • Use soap and water to wash the parts of your body that have been contaminated
• If exposure happens at work, report the incident to your supervisor
• OR contact your physician (non work related)

AIRBORNE DISEASE
• Bacteria or viruses are introduced into the air by coughing or sneezing
• Carried by droplets of mucus
• Can be inhaled by other individuals
• TB (tuberculosis) infection rate has been increasing in recent years - it settles in the lungs and can be fatal

AIDS/HIV
• APPROXIMATELY 900,000 CASES
REPORTED TO CDC (total)
– Approximately 100+ Health Care Workers

• Virus is Very Fragile Outside Host and
Dies in a Few to Several Minutes
• No known Cure - Almost Always Fatal

Hepatitis B Virus
• APPROXIMATELY 300,000 NEW
CASES ANNUALLY
– 8,000-9,000 Health Care Workers

• HBV Has Been Documented to Survive
Two Weeks in Dried Blood
• Can Be Vaccinated for HBV
• May Not Express Outward Symptoms
• May Carry Disease for Life

OTHER DISEASES
•
•
•
•
•
•

Herpes
HCV…HHV.
Influenza
Infectious mononucleosis
Microbacterium tuberculosis
?????

DECONTAMINATION
• “The use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy blood borne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal.” DECONTAMINATION
CHEMICALS
• Not recommended for decontamination of possible AIDS/HIV, HBV and Herpes exposures: – Alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, phenolics • Recommended:

– sodium hypochlorate solution having at least 500 ppm free available chlorine (1/4 cup liquid household bleach per gallon of tap water.
– Iodine, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde (may cause toxic fumes in