Emilia Olavarrieta
Psych 110
Finley 4:10-5:30
Learning Theory
Habituation: learning not to respond to the repeated presentation of a stimulus. Example: we can habituate to those close and present in our daily lives like our lovers or family.
Sensitization: an example of non-associative learning in which the progressive amplification of a response follows repeated administrations of a stimulus. Increased response to a stimulus after the first instance with the stimulus. Ex: if you are mugged at a certain park. Next time, when you pass through that park you will get scared. Example of negative response. An example of a positive response would be if you had a one night stand, and had a great night. The smell of his cologne stick with you and when you smell it again it makes you sexually aroused.
Classical conditioning: one of the important forms of behavioral learning. A form of behavioral learning in which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the power to elicit the same innate reflex produced by another stimulus. Example: this type of learning can help me anticipate and avoid danger, and cues alerting me to promote survival. If I was robbed in an alleyway, then being in alleyways may always remind me of danger, thus I would avoid walking through them.
Operant conditioning: A form of behavioral learning in which the probability of a response is changed by its consequences, that is, by the stimuli that follow the response. Example: in this type of behavior, the consequences of behavior, such as rewards and punishments, influence the probability that the behavior will occur again. If I was rewarded by my mother from getting A’s on my test, then I will be more motivated to ace my exams.
Reflexive classical conditioning: some of our reflexive classical conditioning might be salivation and eye blinks, which commonly occur from stimuli that have biological significance. Example: the blinking reflex protects our eyes and the salivation reflex aids our digestion.
Respondent classical conditioning: also just known as classical conditioning, type of a behavioral type of learning. Animals or people conditioned in this manner do not consciously learn the associations between the stimuli and the responses. Instead, because the pairings occur repeatedly, the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response unconsciously. Some instanced will cause an organism to repeat a behavior, or not repeat a behavior.
Involuntary classical conditioning: part of classical conditioning that demands an involuntary response from involuntary stimuli. The real importance of the involuntary response in classical conditioning is in dealing with equally involuntary problems, for example phobias. Since phobias are involuntary, classical conditioning can be used to bring somebody out of their irrational and involuntary fear.
Unconditioned Stimulus: In classical conditioning, UCS is the stimulus that elicits and unconditioned response. It provokes a reflexive response. Example: In Pavlov’s experiment using dogs, the food was the UCS in the study because it reliably produced the salivation reflex.
Unconditioned Response: In classical conditioning, the response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning. The UCS and UCR are connected and wired in to our bodies, so they both require no previous learning. This can also be called an unconditional reflex. Example: In Pavlov’s study this is shows when the dogs salivate over the food. The salivation is an unconditioned response. If I cry out in pain because somebody stepped on my toe than this too would be an unconditional reflex.
Conditioned Stimulus: In classical conditioning, a previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit the conditioned response. Customarily, in a conditioning experiment, the neutral stimulus is called a conditioned stimulus when it is first paired with an unconditioned stimulus. The neutral stimulus in an experiment, for example a certain sound, will elicit
Study Guide: Module/Week 1 Day Assignment Est. Time to Complete Point Value M Read Syllabus and Course ScheduleComplete CRC Watch Introduction to HIUS 221 Video Complete Class Introductions DB 20 minutes 10 minutes 10 minutes 30 minutes 10 points T Watch Introduction to Module Video Read McClay: pages 1–35 Read Textbook Chapter 1 Complete Chapter 1 Study Plan (MyHistoryLab) – See Additional Materials folder 10 minutes 45 minutes 1 hour 20 minutes 1 hour W Read Textbook Chapter 2, pages…
The Nottingham Bluecoat School and Technology College Post 16 Centre Independent study guide 2011-12 Help make the jump from GCSE to Post-16 study with these suggested study tasks from your teachers. Post-16 Independent study guide “What determines your success at GCSE is how hard you work in your lessons. What determines your success at A Level is how hard you work outside of lessons.” Across the country GCSE results have steadily been rising over the past few years. Some people put this…
HSM340 Midterm Study Guide YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The Midterm is "open book, open notes." The maximum time you can spend in the exam is three hours. If you have not clicked the Submit for Grade button by then, you will be automatically exited from the exam. In the Midterm environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, and so you still will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. 2. You should click the Save Answers button in the exam frequently…
Midterm Exam Study Guide The midterm will be open notes, but NOT open computer. Anything you have handwritten you may bring to class. You may bring any documents to class as long as they are marked with your notes. Format: 2 out of 3 short answer; 1 out of 2 essays Short Answers will be derived from the following terms, people and events. Answers should identify the term and, most importantly, identify its significance (use your analytical skills to draw out why its important). Answers do…
10/14 Study Guide Seventh Edition, 2013 BAM 411 Human Resource Management Message From the President W elcome to California Coast University. I hope you will find this course interesting and useful throughout your career. This course was designed to meet the unique needs of students like you who are both highly motivated and capable of completing a degree program through distance learning. Our faculty and administration have been involved in distance learning for over forty…
Tuesday, October 21, 2014 Sociology Study Guide Family ! 1.) Functionalists and New Rights view the family as POSITIVE. They believe that the family: offers a warm bath to sink into benefits children and parents. Functionalists believe: the nuclear family is private and self-contained w/ little contact with community (Parsons) functions of the family: reproduction, economic maintenance (Fletcher) family functions: teaches family members the roles they’ll play. CRITICISMS: ‘rose colored spectacle…
2nd Semester Final Exam Study Guide 1. Evolution: change in a species over time; process of biological change by which descendents come to differ from their ancestors. Speciation: evolution of two or more species from one ancestral species 2. Natural Selection: mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals; Artificial Selection: process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits 3. Darwin’s…
requires answers in essay form, find out how many questions you have to answer. For example, if you must answer four questions, select and study four topics in detail plus one extra as a backup topic. Multiple choice exams Multiple Choice exams will usually only cover what has been discussed in the lectures and tutorials. Use the course outline as a framework for study. Look for the main ideas and concepts and then find details to support them. Use flash cards to help you memorise the information.…