while Freiberg and Stein (1999) describe it as the “heart and soul of a school” (p. 11). Literature on school climate demonstrates that school climate is associated with student academic outcomes (Lee & Smith, 1999; Hamre & Pianta, 2001; Sherblom, Marshall, & Sherblom, 2006; Niehaus, Rudasill, & Rakes, 2011), and student behavioral and psychological outcomes (Steffgen, Recchia, & Viechtbauer, 2013; Wang et al., 2015; Thapa, Cohen, & Higgins-D’Alessandro, 2013). Further, a positive school climate…
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