Social development: Caregiving
Caregiver Identity Theory has seven “career markers”: 1. When the dependency situation begins 2. Self- definition as a caregiver begins 3. Performance of personal care tasks – at this stage family members begin to evaluate whether to continue as caregivers or seek alternatives 4. Outside assistance is sought and formal service use considered 5. Consideration of nursing home placement 6. Nursing home placement 7. Termination of the caregiver role
Work and retirement * Labor force participation rate for men over 50 falling while increasing for women over 50 * The average number od years spent in retirement before death is almost 15 years * Poor health leads tp ear;oer retirement among less advantaged * Stressful vs. rewarding retirement – Stressful New routine, money, relationship, other dependengs,Poor health * Rewarding- hobbies, enhanced relationships, decrease stress, have money, volunteer, creative
Widowhood
The death of a spose is the most stressful life event in a persons life * Adjust,emt to widowhood facilitated by: * A persons own iner strength * Family support * A strong network of friends and neighbors * Membership in church or an active communicaty
Institutionalization:
65-74 – 1.1%
85 + 18.2 %
5% senior housing
40% dementia
Indivdual: fuctional and behavioral deficits, declining healt, previous institutionalization, advanced age
Family: cargiver feeling od sidtress.caregiver health and mental status caregiving environment, culture
Marital status: highest risk of entering a nursing home for unmarried men
Late life afulthood 85+
The 85 and older population currently the fastest growing segment od the again population * Living longer
Centernarians – those who make it to 100 tend to be fairly healthy since frail people die sooner
Dementia – 50%
Cardiovascular 72%
Uringary incontince – 60%
Osteoarthritis 54%
Physical Development
ADL(actives of daily living ), * Bathing, Dressing, Toileting, Walking, Eating, Transferring IADL(insurmtnet od acties od aily living )- * Light house work , laundry, transportation, finances, tekephone, Medications * Functional capacity * Primary vs. Secondary aging - recongiroging slowing that comes with age senory and motor – * Secpmfary – condtional by health comprising behabiors

Physical Environment * Personal Identity * sense of competence * Intellectual, social and motor skills * Security and Trust * Social interaction and privacy
Social Development : Relationships * Individuals contine to desire and need connections to other people throught life. * Older people interact less frequently, but make thoughtful selction about the personwith whom they will interact * Relationships with the wider world grow more constricted
Housing:
Shared housing,shared expenses, support by family members and friends
In-home care, education and support (private and non profit)
Assisted living facilities
Inner-city high rise retirement communities close to medical, cultureal, and recreational activites (PACE)
Government benefits for home care services or SNF

Psychological development: spirituality * Spiruality in late life s assoiated with loss and coming to terms with death * Loss – people, memory, indpenece and freedom, heath-fuction, roles

The dying process
What factores influence the ways in which a person adjust to death and dying?
Characteristic specific