John McDowell sees the problem of experience as a symptom of the presumed dualism of nature and reason: we can understand experience in naturalistic ways, as the entirely causal sequence of events in which the world “impinges” on my body, brain, and sensory receptors, but if we do so, we must abandon the attempt to understand the process of arriving at beliefs as a normative activity. We see this in the dilemma that plagued Popper, for instance, in his attempt to articulate what “empirical content”…
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