Chapter ten basically summarizes the issues of sex and gender. Gender stratification has anything to do with social inequalities existent between men and women. These inequalities can range from a difference in genetics, to income, job placement, to stereotypes, to power in the household, etc.
Sex refers to biological differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs. While gender describes the characteristics that a society or culture delineates as masculine or feminine. So while you're sex as male or female is a biological fact that is the same in any culture, what that sex means in terms of your gender role as a man vs women in society can be quite different because of the view on culture. In sociological terms gender roles refers to the characteristics and behavior that different cultures attribute to the sexes. What it means to be a ”real man” in any culture requires male sex plus what our various cultures define as masculine characteristics and same goes to the women. It is looked that the female sex should show feminine characteristics in today’s culture.
My reaction to this is that society is changing rapidly and as technology and science grows so is culture. What would be accepted today would not have been accepted years ago. There are several gay males and females that are open about it in public and would have not been tolerated years ago. In fact that would have been punished our seen as an outcast to society. Science is now breaking down what happens in the female body during pregnancy and that how a male for example may act feminine as part of his natural self. As this is becoming more understanding society i feel is slowly accepting these changes.
From personal experience i have worked in restaurants that have included openly gay people who are males that act feminine and has shown that in the workplace. It never has bothered me and i don't think it ever will. It is none of my business on how they want to act, i'm allowed to act how i want to and they should be allowed to as well.
Chapter 9 goes into race, ethnicity, minority and all the concerns and issues that form from these topics. Different groups inherit distinctive physical traits, this is the reality shown regarding race. However there is no agreement explaining what constitutes a particular race or how they should act because of being that type of race. One's ethnicity is a sub-group within the race such as a Black Caribbean or a White European. Ones nationality is