The skeleton and joints

There are 6 different types of synovial joints:

Hinge - Hinge joints, as the name implies, are hinged joints formed between two bones. A hinge joint allows for stable flexion and extension without sliding or deviation. An example of when the hinge joint is used in sport is football. When a player kicks a ball they use their knee joint, which flexes and then extends.(1)

ball and socket - Ball and socket joints allow movement in flexion extension abduction, circumduction and also rotation. The most mobile joints in the body are ball and socket joints. This joint is affective in swimming when you are doing the butterfly.

saddle - In saddle joints, the ends of the two bones fit together in a special way, allowing , flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction, but not rotation. An example of using a saddle joint would be in tennis when using your forehand shot because as the impact of this shot goes though your hand your metacarpal rotate, this is affective because of the saddle joint. (5)

Gliding - joints permit sliding or gliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces. The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules. Plane joints are numerous and are nearly always small.(5)an example of a dliding joint is when dribbling a hockey ball back and forward, it can move in a flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction but

1 - http://www.livestrong.com

2 – http;//www.google.com

3 - http://www.livestrong.com

4 - http://en.wikipedia.org

5 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_joint

6 - http://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.html

7 - https://www.boundless.com/physiology

8 - http://www.livestrong.com/article/115165-functions-skeleton/

9 - http://www.teachpe.com/images/anatomy/spine.jpg

10 - http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11547

11 - http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adduction

12 - https://www.google.co.uk/#q=definition+of+abduction&spell=1

13 - https://www.google.co.uk/#q=definition+of+rotation

15 – https://www.google.com

16 - http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/flexion

17 - http://teachmeanatomy.info/the-basics/anatomical-terminology/terms-of-movement/

18 - http://deananatomy1.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/joints-and-their-function.html

19 - http://www.dbriers.com/tutorials/2012/12/types-of-bones-in-the-human-body-simplified/

20 - http://www.dbriers.com/tutorials/2012/12/types-of-bones-in-the-human-body-simplified/

21 - http://www.teachpe.com/gcse_anatomy/joints.php

The skeleton and joints

(2)

The skeletal system is split into 2 different groups. The axial skeleton (core bones) and the appendicular.

The skeletal system in an adult body is made up of 206 individual bones. These bones are arranged into two major divisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton runs along the body’s midline axis and is made up of 80 bones and The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones. (6)
There are five general classifications of bones. These are long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.
Long - Being longer than they are wide. Both tips are covered in hyalin cartilage to aid in shock absorption.(20)
Short - They are just as long as they are wide. Thin outer surface of compact bone with spongy bone on the inside.(20)
Flat bone - Thin bone and not round in comparison to other bones of the body.(20)
Sesamoid - Found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint.(20) irregular - Serve various purposed in the body from protecting the spinal chord, maintaining pharynx and trachea support.(20)

The skeleton and joints

Shape
Bone structure gives shape to the body. This shape changes as you grow, and your skeletal system determines your height, width and other factors, such as the size of your hands and feet. Body shape or type is genetically