Name ______________________________ Date ___________________ Pd ________

The Rise of Totalitarian Dictatorships

I. The Rise of Totalitarian Dictators
A. The Impact of World War I
1. After WWI, many nations were struggling to __________________
2. A global _____________________________ in the 1930s led to high unemployment & a sense of ________________________ in Europe
3. The Treaty of Versailles created _______________________ among many nations
B. In this climate of postwar uncertainty, __________________________ increased & citizens turned to totalitarian dictators to rule the nation
1. _____________________________ leaders are ________________ who control all aspects of the government & the lives of the citizens
2. Totalitarian leaders gained support by promising jobs, promoting ________________________, & using propaganda
3. Dictators held on to their power by using censorship, secret _____________________, denying ________________________, & eliminating opposing rivals or political parties
II. Totalitarian Dictators
A. Stalin in the Soviet Union
1. Among the first totalitarian dictators was ___________________________ of the Soviet Union
2. Stalin was ____________________ & seized all property, farms, factories in order to ______________________ the economy & create equality
3. He used a _______________________________________ & the Great Purge to eliminate rivals
4. Stalin’s ___________________ Plans & collective farms improved the Soviet Union’s industrial & agricultural output
B. Benito Mussolini in Italy
1. Fascism
a. Not all totalitarian dictators were Communists
b. In ____________, ___________________, & Spain, people turned to an extremely nationalist gov’t called fascism
i. _________________ gov’ts were controlled by dictators who demanded _____________________ from citizens ii. Fascists did not offer _____________________________ & used one-party to rule the nation
c. Fascism vs. Communism
i. Unlike Communists, fascists believed people could keep their _______________________________ ii. Mussolini & Hitler believed in fascism: the idea that nations need strong ___________________, total authority by one party, but that people can keep private property iii. Stalin was a Communist believed that the government should control all ______________________ & business
2. In Italy, __________________________________ formed the Fascist Party
a. Mussolini gained popularity by promising to revive the economy, rebuild the _______________, & expand Italy to create a new _________________ Empire
b. Mussolini created the ________________________ (a secret police force) to enforce the goals of his Fascist Party
3. By 1922, Mussolini was popular enough to lead a “_____________________________________” & forced the Italian king to name him prime minister
4. As _________________________________, Benito Mussolini was known as “Il Duce” (the chief)
a. Mussolini ended __________________________ & all opposition parties
b. Mussolini built up the military to create new _____________
c. He planned to conquer new ____________________________ in Africa for Italy
C. Adolf Hitler in Germany
1. The Nazis were a ___________________ group in Germany that wanted to overthrow the disloyal Weimar Republic
2. ______________________________ was an early Nazi recruit & quickly rose to power in the party
3. Hitler was ____________________ by Mussolini & used many of his ideas to make the Nazi Party strong in Germany
a. The Nazis created their own militia called the ______________________________
b. Hitler planned a ____________________________________ but he was _______________ & jailed for 9 months
4. While in jail, Hitler wrote _________________________ which outlined his plans for Germany
a. He wrote that Germans were members of a ____________________ called Aryans & all non-Aryans were inferior
b. He declared that Germans needed lebensraum