payrolls to cut costs; flatter more streamlined organizations; layoffs; reduced managerial staff; hiring freezes, restrictions, cutbacks; pay freezes, pay restrictions; and, replacement of seasoned workers with new college graduates. Managers have been forced to do the same work with less staff; or, sometimes to do more work with the same staff. Managers are also rethinking the skill sets needed to perform the jobs they supervise. Managers are responding to these workforce challenges based upon their…
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