Semel 1
Ben Semel
Hesse
AP Language Period 3
4 April 2014
How the Industrial Revolution Changed Architectural Practices With the onset of the nineteenth century, the world was thrust into a new era of industrial productivity. The industrial revolution brought an influx of innovation that rapidly and forever changed the industrial landscape of the world. From the advanced cultures of western civilization to regions of instability and poverty, new technologies that spawned from the industrial revolution had everlasting impacts. The industrial revolution had a vast array of effects on architectural practices, ranging from architectural style to construction materials, which benefited society as a whole.
Never before seen construction materials were what highlighted the architectural revolutions during the industrial revolution. Before the nineteenth century, primitive building materials such as brick, wood, and stone were all that were used to create any sort of shelter. As the industrial realm began to expand, metals such as iron were then able to be mined in vast quantities “and replace wood, brick, and stone as primary materials for large buildings.” (“Building Design/Architecture” 1). Charles Bage, a mill owner from Britain, was a pioneer in the use of iron as a replacement for such primitive materials. His original architectural design, which he created in 1796 and was known as the “fireproof design”, made use of cast iron, brick, and flagstone to greatly increase the strength of his mill, which allowed for the accommodation of larger and heavier machinery. Although his design proved unreliable, due to the collapse of several mills in Great Britain, “it was not until the early 1830s that Eaton Hodgekinson
Semel 2 introduced the section beam, did the use of iron in industrial architecture become widespread.” (“Structures and Technology” 1)
As architects began to perfect preserving the structural integrity of their designs, doors to new opportunities of design began to open. With materials such as iron and glass already in mass circulation and use, around halfway through the nineteenth century, a material so critical and influential drastically changed the process of industrialization: steel. “Before the industrial revolution, buildings with multiple stories were supported solely by their walls.” (“Modern Architecture” 1) With a much more urban society beginning to form, a need for bigger and taller buildings developed. Because of this, a phenomenon known as vertical urbanization began to take hold of cities worldwide. Vertical urbanization literally means building upward, as in making buildings taller rather than making a larger quantity of smaller buildings. The use of vertical urbanization saves vast amounts of land, and is much more economically beneficial than traditional horizontal urbanization. Vertical urbanization rendered the practice of resting all the weight of a building on its walls completely obsolete, and made steel arguably the single most important product to be bought and sold on a worldwide scale. “The mass production of steel was the main driving force behind the ability to build skyscrapers during the mid 1880s.” (Building Design/Architecture” 1). “A combination of
Semel 3 steel and reinforced concrete allowed for the building of skyscrapers.” (Sreekanth 1). The steel frame provides stability throughout the skyscraper while evenly distributing the weight of the building. William Le Baron Jenney is credited with building the first skyscraper in America, in 1884. Soon after, skyscrapers would begin to take over downtown and commercial areas of most major cities worldwide. Thanks to the industrial revolution, steel was made readily available, and allowed for the incorporation of skyscrapers into the urban landscape. From the beginning of civilization to right before the nineteenth century, architecture was just as much of a form of art as painting a picture is. For every building
château or church of your choice. Research as much as you are able to of your château or church, then write the following information about it. Present it in a portfolio PowerPoint or a video, or one of the following below. Select one of the following and include it with your portfolio 1. make a travel poster advertising accommodations at the castle or church mentioning the cost in euros, the location and the characteristics, architecture, famous residents, etc. 2. Interview…
the History of Art, Vanier College, Fall 2013 Instructor: Dayna McLeod Take Home Research Essay (20%) Due: November 27th Submissions must be type-‐written and in essay format Essay: 1000-‐1250 words with quality research: Quality research= at least 3 properly cited sources, I can be from the textbook, 2 must be from…
School] On: 27 May 2014, At: 03:37 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK International Journal of Production Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tprs20 Supply chain design: issues, challenges, frameworks and solutions a a Steven A. Melnyk , Ram Narasimhan & Hugo…
ART 382, Book Review ASSIGNMENT The paper will consist of a critical book review of around three to five pages in length on a book approved by the instructor that you will use as a source for your research paper. You should read your chosen book carefully, noting the author's arguments, and comparing them to what you find in your texts. You likely will want to do some supplementary reading to check further on these, and to compare them to other scholarly opinion. In your book review, you should…
Holtta-Otto and de Weck (2) quantitatively analyze the degree of modularity of existing product architectures and qualitatively discusse the relationship between technical and business constraints. Sosa, Mihm and Browning (1) examine how exactly the fraction and presence of hubs relate to a system’s quality. They provide empirical quantitative evidence that the presence of hubs in a given system’s architecture is associated with a low number of defects (Sosa, Mihm and Browning 1). Makumbe (31) uses a…
Construction Informatics Digital Library http://itc.scix.net/ paper w78-2002-3.content Keywords: The Impact of Electronic Document Management on Construction Information Management Bo-Christer Björk Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration Bo-Christer.Bjork@shh.fi This paper deals with the introduction of electronic document management (EDM) technology in the construction industry, and our current research knowledge about this topic. EDM has the potential to enhance the…
Computers in Health Care Diana Libiran HCS 212 April 8, 2015 Professor Shawishi Haynes Computers in Health Care Computers are used vastly all over the world. Computers are used for research such as medical research, school research, gaming, work, and/or personal use for leisure time. Computers are also used for the forecasting of weather, the operations of machinery, and technology. The use of computers in health care is for web search, the keeping of medical records, communication between patients…
Introduction The following Annotated Bibliography provides a view of the past research and development work undertaken in the field of Ubiquitous Location Sensing Applications. The various applications developed using a wide variety of sensing technologies like Bluetooth, GPS, Infrared, IEEE 802.11 etc are described by authors. This description and analysis of different technologies will help to form a comprehensive framework or guide describing various location sensing techniques on mobile devices…
highlights three ways to help the critical thinking of design, which are research, analysis, and synthesis. He also suggests that, schools should teach students more techniques of using those processes to complete their designs, in order to contribute toward social progress in their professional life. Therefore, it is important to study the critical thinking. Critical thinking involves research, analysis, and synthesis. Research is about understanding all the factors to be considered, analysis is to…
of the most important Taoist Architecture, the social function of Wong Tai Sin Temple has experienced some changes from the basic religious function, which protect the temple to survive under British colonial rule and promote the development of Taoism in the modern society. This paper provides an analysis of how the Wong Tai Sin Temple developed its social functions to realize the rebirth in modern society and try to find some suggestions for other religious architecture in China. Keywords Wong…