1.
Table 1

Black Currant
Clove
Butterscotch
Cilantro
Grapefruit
Cola
Cider vinegar
Butter
Black pepper
Almond
Cinnamon
Raspberry
Pineapple
Anise/
Black Liquorice
Hickory smoke
Orange
Mean
Without clue
1.00
1.57
1.43
1.36
1.50
1.50
1.43
1.57
1.64
1.07
2.14
1.36
2.00
2.36
2.21
2.50
Std.
Without clue
0.78
1.16
0.76
0.93
0.85
1.16
1.09
0.85
1.28
1.07
1.10
0.93
0.88
1.01
0.80
0.65
Mean
With clue
1.36
1.71
1.86
1.86
1.93
2.07
2.14
2.14
2.14
2.29
2.29
2.43
2.64
2.71
2.79
2.86
Std.
With clue
0.93
1.20
1.23
1.29
1.21
1.21
1.23
0.53
1.10
1.07
0.83
0.85
0.74
0.83
0.43
0.36

2.

Figure 1
3.
Demographic (social/cultural) factors
I. Articulateness
II. Age, gender, demographic
III. Previous experience (use/exposure/familiarity)
Physiological factors
I. Nasal integrity (cold, allergies)
II. Individual sensitivity nu
III. Olfactory adaptation/fatigue
IV. Other distractions (noise)
Psychological factors
I. Memory
II. Interest/motivation
Physical/experimental factors
I. Carrier (medium of dispersion)
II. Clue from others
III. Distraction odours (perfume, etc.)
IV. Testing method (shape/size of container, temp, exp. design)
V. Odourant (concentration/purity/quality)

With clue
Without clue
Difference
d2
Black Currant
1.36
1.00
0.36
0.13
Clove
1.71
1.57
0.14
0.02
Butterscotch
1.86
1.43
0.43
0.18
Cilantro
1.86
1.36
0.50
0.25
Grapefruit
1.93
1.50
0.43
0.18
Cola
2.07
1.50
0.57
0.33
cider vinegar
2.14
1.43
0.71
0.51
Butter
2.14
1.57
0.57
0.33
Black pepper
2.14
1.64
0.50
0.25
Almond
2.29
1.07
1.21
1.47
cinnamon
2.29
2.14
0.14
0.02
Raspberry
2.43
1.36
1.07
1.15
Pineapple
2.64
2.00
0.64
0.41
Anise/ Black Liquorice
2.71
2.36
0.36
0.13
Hickory smoke
2.79
2.21
0.57
0.33
Orange
2.86
2.50
0.36
0.13
Total
35.21
26.64
8.57

Mean
2.20
1.67
0.54

Σd2

5.82
(Σd)2

73.47

S

0.29 t-test 7.50

t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means

With clue
Without clue
Mean
2.200893
1.665179
Variance
0.172258
0.199128
Observations
16
16
Pearson Correlation
0.782245

Hypothesized Mean Difference
0

df
15

t Stat
7.5

P(T<=t) one-tail
9.44E-07

t Critical one-tail
1.75305

P(T<=t) two-tail
1.89E-06

t Critical two-tail
2.13145

J
From the literature, it is known that the accuracy-of-identification of aroma always improve, therefore one-tail paired comparison were conducted in this analysis. In addition, the estimated t stat value is