Petroleum Industry
Overview

Estimated U.S. Energy Consumption
By Fuel Group - 2003
Consumption
(Quadrillion BTU)

Petroleum …………. 39.0
Natural Gas ………. 23.0
Coal .…………………. 22.7
Nuclear……………… 8.0
Renewable ………... 6.1
Total …………….. 98.8
Source: Energy Information Administration

U.S. Petroleum Demand
(Millions of barrels per day)

Source: Energy Information Administration

U.S. Net Reliance on Oil Imports
(Net imports as a % of total U.S. petroleum supply)

Source: Energy Information Administration

Estimated Petroleum
Consumption by End Use - 1997
Other nonfuel
Petrochemicals uses Other
4%
11%
4%
Heating & electrical generation 7%
Industrial fuel
8%

Personal vehicle travel
34%

Water transport
3%
Air transport
8%

Other land transport
Source: American Petroleum Institute

21%

U.S. Gasoline Consumption
(Billions of gallons)

Source: Federal Highway Administration

Everyday Products Made from
Chemicals Derived from Petroleum panty hose

perfume crayons antihistamines

deodorants lipstick umbrellas food preservatives golf balls balloons dentures dyes fertilizer candles aspirin insecticides house paint ink antiseptics bandages photographs roofing shingles nylon rope shampoo toothpaste glue Petroleum Industry
• Industry segments
– “Upstream”
– “Downstream”

Petroleum Industry
• “Upstream”
– Exploration
– Production

Petroleum Industry
• “Downstream”
– Refining
– Transportation
– Marketing

Number of Refineries

Crude Oil Refining Capacity, U.S.

Source: Energy Information Administration

Refining Capacity

Number of Refineries

Crude Oil Refining Capacity, U.S.

* Crude oil distillation capacity (millions of barrels/day)
Source: Energy Information Administration

Total U.S. Petroleum Industry
Environmental Expenditures
1994-2003: $88 billion
By Industry Sector

Source: American Petroleum Institute

By Media

NATURAL GASOLINE

Hypothetical Refinery

LIGHT
NAPHTHA

CRUDE
UNIT

HEAVY
NAPHTHA

NAPHTHA
HYDROTREATER

ISOMERIZATION
UNIT

NAPHTHA
HYDROTREATER

CATALYTIC
REFORMER

ISOMERATE

REFORMATE

BENZENE, TUOLENE, XYLENE

PETROCHEMICAL
PLANT
KEROSENE
CRUDE
OIL

JET FUEL
DISTILLATE
HYDROTREATER

DISTILLATE

DIESEL FUEL
#1 FUEL OIL

GAS/OIL

HYDROCRACKER

REFORMATE

CATALYTIC
REFORMER

FUEL GAS

LIGHT CYCLE OIL, DISTILLATE
VACUUM GAS/OIL

CAT
CRACKER

“RESID” OIL

MTBE
UNIT

ALKYLATION
UNIT

ALKYLATE

MTBE

VACUUM
DISTILLATION
UNIT

GAS/OIL

FCC GASOLINE
LIGHT CYCLE OIL

VACUUM “RESID”

COKERS

COKE

GAS/OIL
ROSE UNIT

#6 FUEL OIL
ASPHALT

NOTE: GASOLINE COMPONENT

Average Yield from a Barrel of Crude Oil

1 Barrel =
42 Gallons

Gallons

Gasoline …………………………... 19.7
Distillate Fuel Oil ……………… 9.7
Jet Fuel ……………………………. 4.3
Residual Fuel Oil ……………… 1.9
Asphalt & Road Oil …………... 1.4
Petrochemical