University of Phoenix Material- Instructor: Mesha Mathis

Week 1 Practice Worksheet

Prepare a written response to the following questions.

Chapter 1

1. Explain and give an example for each of the following types of variables:

a. Nominal: Measurement where a number is assigned to represent something or someone else. An example of nominal could be credit card numbers, social security numbers, or zip codes.

b. Ordinal: Measurement that shows the order or rank of items. An example of ordinal could be ranking places in a contest, or test scores.

c. Interval: Measurements that do not have a true zero and are composed of equal units. An example of interval could be temperature as
Kärnä and colleagues (2013) tested the effects of a new anti-bullying program, called KiVa, among students in grades 1–3 and grades 7–9 in 147 schools in Finland. The schools were randomly assigned to receive the new anti-bullying program or no program. At the beginning, middle, and end of the school year, all of the students completed a number of questionnaires, which included the following two questions: “How often have you been bullied at school in the last couple of months?” and “How often have you bullied others at school in the last couple of months?” The table below is a frequency table that shows students’ responses to these two questions at the end of the school year (referred to as “Wave 3” in the title of the table). Note that the table shows the results combined for all of the students in the study. In the table, “victimization” refers to students’ reports of being bullied and “bullying” is students’ reports of bullying other students.

a. Using this table as an example, explain the idea of a frequency table to a person who has never had a course in statistics. The table shows the