‘The glory of men’s ancestors is….like a shining light on their descendents which Allows neither their virtues nor their vices to be hidden” Sallust
Learnt by
His
fathers mistakes Confident
Military experience Wealth
Land
Inherited veteran Soldiers
Pompey
Family legacy Clientale
Marriages Ambitious
PLUTARCH 139-141
ATTRIBUTES
RESOURCEFUL
OPPORTUNISTIC
IMPUDENT/BOLD
FORTUNATE
COERCIVE
“ He asked Sulla to bear in mind the fact that more people worshipped the rising sun than the setting sun…” Plutarch
Marriage-an extension of amicitae
Antistia
Daughter
Of his lawyer Julia, daughter of
Caesar
PLUTARCH 142-
Aemilia Scaura
Step daughter
Of Sulla
Mucia Tertia,
Daughter of
Pontifex
maximus
Cornelia,
Daughter of Crassus,
Brought
Wealth,Metelli connections Raised his own ‘private’ army to aid Sulla at 23, gained propraetorian imperium and first triumph.
“That someone of extreme youthfulness, who held no public office, should raise an army in a time of national crisis was innovation. Yet that is what Pompeius did.”
Cicero.
PLUTARCH 143-145
PLUTARCH 145-167
Granted propraetorian command against Lepidus.
Given proconsular command against Sertorius.
“it was totally unprecedented when two eminent and gallant consuls were available, for a Roman knight to be sent out with consular powers…all the same he was sent.” Cicero.
Elected to consulship and given second triumph by threat of force.
He was “elected to a consulship actually before he had the legal right to hold any office at all.” Cicero.
Refused to take a provincial command after his year as consul.
Pompey and Crassus as Consuls
70BC
The changes made to the Sullan constitution in
70BC weakened the Senates position;
Power of the tribunes were restored
The courts were reconstituted so that the Senate had only one third of the places
Power of the censor was revived. Sixty four senators were removed and new ones from the equestrian order were admitted
Citizenship granted to wider areas of Italy which meant that there were masses of new voters not bound by previous patron client obligations
PLUTARCH 157-159
The Lex Gabinia and Lex Manilia were laws giving power to
Pompey. Unlike his previous commands awarded by the
Senate, these were despite the opposition of the Senate proposed by tribunes and passed by the people.
Caesar
speaks
For it
Roscius tries to speak
But is
Drowned out
Lex Gabinia
Use of force
Consul
attacked
Catulus opposes it
Cicero
Speaking for
The interests
Of the equites Catulus
Opposes
it
Lex
Manilia
Aristocrats
Thought it amounted To tyranny “THEIR HEARTS
FAILED THEM,
SO FRIGHTENED
WERE
THEY OF
THE PEOPLE”
‘ So Pompey, who was not even in Rome at the time, was vested with powers almost as great as those which Sulla had exercised after he had conquered the city by force of arms”.
Pompey makes Enemies
According to Plutarch Lucullus accuses
Pompey of “ ….following his usual custom of settling down, like some crazed carrion bird, on the bodies that had been killed by others and tearing to pieces the scattered remains of wars.”
To what and whom is Lucullus referring ?
Cicero on Pompey’s Command
Read Cicero’s speech and discuss
Cicero’s view of Pompey. Consider a variety of possible reasons for Cicero supporting the Lex Manilia
To what extent does Cicero’s support of an unconstitutional command undermine the
Cursus Honorum ?
Who carries the blame; Manilius, Pompey,
Cicero, the Senate as a whole ?
Voted by people for lex Gabinia
(pirates) and lex Manilia
(Mithridates)
Imperium infinitum for 3 years.
Pirates - powers over the whole
Mediterranean and 50 miles inland, unlimited funds, men and ships.
Mithridates - permission to make war or peace on his own initiative.
Takes command of all forces under
Lucullus as well as his own existing army
•The Ascendancy of Pompey
•In 74 BC the King of Bythinia had died, leaving the country to Rome.
However the King of Pontus
family was not successful in maintaining the high rank that they had acquired. They were privileged in that they were patricians but they had only managed to produce two consuls in the previous two centuries. This means that they could not have had a great fortune. However, they still retained some of their pride. This was shown in Caesar’s speech when he was 30 saying that his father’s family is descended from the kings, that his grandfather was related to the immortals and that the Julian family is…
being able to rule almost the whole world being a great power but incapable of ruling itself. Authority was mainly in the hands of the senators that were selected by the Romans; however, there were always internal…
fancy, the favourites of the sex, who outwardly respect and inwardly despise the weak creatures whom they sport with” (204). Men are the ones who boast about their sexual conquests over women in private, much like Pompey in the play, “Measure for Measure”. In Wollstonecrafts opinion, Pompey would be the perfect example of a man who by societal definition has “true” virtue but in reality does not because he merely pretends to respect women and then is privately audacious. The elder brother in “Moll…
and land to Rome. With his brilliant leadership of the Roman legions he gained fierce loyalty. After serving as proconsul in Spain in 61 BC, Julius returned to Rome hoping to be elected consul. He formed an alliance with two men named Pompey and Crassus. Pompey held the position of commander in chief of the army and Crassus was the most wealthy man in Rome. Their alliance was known as the First Triumvirate. Caesar became consul and one of the first things he did was provide land for 20,000 citizens and veterans…
speaker, and Caesar started climbing the ranks of the Roman political system. In 61-60 BC he served as governor of the Roman province of Spain. When he came back to Rome in 60 BC as a forty year old man, Caesar made a deal with the powerful general Pompey and a wealthy Roman named Crassus. They helped him to get elected as consul for 59 BC. A consul position was similar to a president but there were two consuls, and the position was only held for one year. The following year, he was appointed governor…
but sadly Cornelia died soon after. Caesar and Cornelia had only one child- a daughter. Julius then got married again in 67 B.C.E to Pompeia who was a relative of Pompey because her family had strong political influences . Then divorced Pompeia after a scandal in 62 B.C.E. In 62 B.C.E. Julius spoke at the funerals of both his aunt Julia and his wife Cornelia…
Roman Empire. Caesar's soldiers were extremely loyal to him at a military level yet by some he was seen as a man only working to expand his power, this made him unpopular among many important politicians in Rome. Some senior army generals, such as Pompey, were questioning Caesar's intentions. At the end of his term as consul, Caesar became commander of the Roman Army. Caesar was confident that in the long term, his well-organised forces would be able to defeat the Gauls that controlled central…
common theme of want and longing. Both lead singers are verbalizing their strong desire for a specific thing. In the case of Sesto, he is seeking revenge for the untimely demise of his father, Pompey. Cleopatra on the other hand does not want justice, but instead wishes to use Ptolomey’s betrayal of Pompey to gain Cesare’s trust, and gain sole possession of the throne. Handel creates a nervous tension in Sesto’s aria to portray the racing thoughts of a young man who has just lost his father. In Cleopatra’s…
Veni, Vidi, Vici Julius Caesar was a man born with aspirations to be as great as Alexander, during one of the most tumultuous time periods in all of Roman history, and determined to enact his reform on the world. This all culminated to produce of the most influential and legendary men the world ever known. Caesar was born in Rome around July 12 in 44 BC. Not much is known of his early life save for the fact that his father was a senator and had aristocratic standing but was not particularly wealthy…
Portrayals of Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar has proven to be one of the most powerful, influential and remembered men of all time. He rose to the top of the Roman government and defeated many enemies, in battle and in office. Caesar proved to be a great judge of character, and was able to manipulate men and women alike. He had many, if not all, the tools bound for greatness. There is a variety of events during Caesar’s life that one may be more attracted to than others. His life entailed a wide range…
