Anterior- with respect to the central nervous system located near or toward the head Posterior- located near or toward the tail (back of head) Rostral- towards the beak with respect to the central nervous system, in a direction along the neuroaxis toward the front of the face Caudal- in a direction alng the neuroaxis away from the front of the face Dorsal- toward the back in a direction perpendicular to the neuroaxis toard the top of head or the back Ventral- toward the belly- in a direction perpendicular to the neuroaxis towardthe bottom of the skull or the front of the surface of the body Lateral- toward the side of the body- away from the middle Medial- toward the middle of the body away from the side Ipsilateral- located on the same side of the body Contralateral- located on opposites sides of the body Frontal- a transverse cut like a loaf of bread. From the front of the brain to the back Axial- a slice through the brain parallel to the ground. Top to bottom Sagittal- side to side Meninges The three layers of tissue that encase the central nervous system the dura matter, arachnoic membrane, and the pia mater DURA MATER hard mother The outmost of the meninges flexible, unstretchable ARCHANOID The middle layer of the meninges, located between the dura mater and the inner pia matter PIA MATER- the layer of the meninges adjacent to the surface of the brain, thin and delicate Cerenrospinal fluid- a clear fluid, similar to blood plasma that fills the ventricular system of the brain and the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord Ventricle- one of the hollow spaces within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid Lateral ventricle- one of the two ventricles located in the center of the telencephalon Third ventricle- located in the center of the diencephalon Cerbral aqueduct- a narrow tube interconnecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain, located in the center of the mesencephalon Fourth ventricle- located between the cerebellum and the dorsal pons in the center of the metenceophalon Subcortical region Beneath the cortical surface Contains the limbic system and the basal ganglia Sulcus- a groove in the surface of the cerebral hemisphere smaller than a fissure Fissure- a major groove n the surface of the brain, larger than a sulcus Gyrus- a convolution of the cortex of the cerbral hemispheres separated by sulci or fissures Primary visual cortex- the region of the posterior occipital lobe whose primary input is from the visual syste,m Lateral fissure/sylvian fissure The fissure that sperates the temporal lobe from the overlying frontal and parietal lobes Central sulcus- the sulcus that separtes the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe Frontal lobe- the anterior portion of the cerebral cortex, rostral to the parietal lobe and dorsal to the temporal lobe. This includes everything infr ont of the central sulcus Parietal lobe- the region of te cerebral cortex caudal to the frontal lobe and dorsal to the temporal lobe Temporal lobe- the region of the cerebral cortex rostral to the occipital lobe and ventral to the parietal and frontal lobes Occipital lobe- the region of the cerebral cortex caudal to the parietal and temperal lobes. This is located postior to the central sulcus Sensory association cortex- these regions of the cerebral cortext that receive information from regions of the primary sensory cortex. Perception takes place here and memories are stored here Motor association cortex- the region of the frontal lobe rostral to the primary cortex also known as the premotor cortex. Controls overall motor behavior Prefrontal cortex- the region of the frontal lobe rostral to the motor association cortex. This region is involved in formulating plans and strategies Corupus callosum- a large bundle of axons that interconnects corresponding regions of the association cortex on each side of the brain Limbic system includes A group of brain regions including the anterior thalamic