Kinetic energy potential energy (first law or thermodynamics) cannot be created or destroyed can converted from one form to another and transferred between objects or system.
Energy tends to disperse spontaneously (second law thermodynamics) ENTROPY is a measure of how much the energy of a system is dispersed.
METABOLIC PATHWAY; Cells build, convert, and dispose of substances in enzyme-mediated reaction, cells store and retrieve free energy by making and breaking chemical bonds in metabolic reaction, in which REACTANT are converted to PRODUCT in the cytoplasm.
ENDERGONIC reactions require a net energy input.
EXERGONIC reactions end with a net energy release.
ACTIVATION ENERGY; is the minimum energy required to start a reaction.
ALLOSTERIC sites are points of control by which a cell adjust the types of amounts of substances it makes. FEEDBACK INHIBITION is an example of enzyme control.
REDOX; (oxidation-reduction) reactions in electron transfer chains allow cells to harvest energy in manageable increment.
ATP functions as an energy carrier between reaction sites in cells. It has three phosphate bonds, when a phosphate-group is transferred to another molecule; the energy of the bond is transferred along with it.
CELL MEMBRANE is a mosaic of proteins and lipids (mainly phospholipids) function of all cell membranes have transport proteins, incorporate receptor proteins, adhesion proteins, enzymes, and recognition proteins.
OSMOSIS; is the diffusion of water across a selective permeable membrane/ lower solute