Nursing Theory: Foundation for Nursing as a Profession
Wilma J. Vintson
Chamberlain College of Nursing
NR 501: Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing
Fall 2011

Nursing Theory: Foundation for Nursing as a Profession
Introduction
This paper will discuss nursing theory and review how it relates to nursing as a profession. It will also focus on aspects of Virginia Henderson’s theory on the complementary-supplementary model of nursing. Nursing leadership, as it relates to Henderson’s theory, will also be discussed. Nursing, being both a science and an art, is a knowledge-based profession that focuses on the wholeness of human beings. This is established though nursing theory that guides research, and practice that can generate new
Table 1 Virginia Henderson’s Key Concepts “The 14 Fundamental Needs” | Virginia Henderson’s 14 Fundamental Needs | Sample Definitions | 1 | Breathing normally | If oxygenation is insufficient organ function can be compromised or destroyed | 2 | Eating and drinking adequately | To establish and maintain hydration and normovolemia for adequate organ function | 3 | Eliminating body wastes | To maintain stability of kidney function and bowel elimination | 4 | Moving and maintaining a desirable position | To prevent skin breakdown, pulmonary infiltrates, and pneumonia | 5 | Sleeping and resting | To optimize system functions | 6 | Selecting suitable clothes | To preserve dignity | 7 | Maintaining body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying the environment | In order to prevent damage to body systems | 8 | Keeping the body clean and well groomed to protect the integument | To protect the integument system and the patient’s dignity | 9 | Avoiding dangers in the environment and avoiding injuring others | Physical assessments of patients and surroundings to avoid harm | 10 | Communicating with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions | Soothing communication and keeping patient and/or family well informed | 11 | Worshipping according to one’s faith | Adhere to religious beliefs | 12 | Working in such a way that one feels a sense of accomplishment | To give