BIOLOGY essay
‘There is no such thing as a typical cell’. Discuss this statement?
There is no such thing as a typical cell. Things can be identical but different in their function, different in their structure and behaviour. For example twins can be identical but they are still two different people. So as for cells there are different types of cells even thought they are all called cells, but this does not necessary means that they are typically the same. Cells may carry out the same function but different in their structure and different on their location and habitation. Different cells lives in different living organism.
We all know that cells are basic unit of life. All living organisms are made of cells. Some cells are consisted of a single cell and they are called unicellular and this is Prokaryotic cells. Whereas Eukaryotic cell can be either unicellular or multicellular and contains a nucleus. There are different types of cells. We have Plant cell, Animal cell, Fungi cell, Human cell and Bacteria cell.
Cell s is divided in two main domains which are Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic. Each of these domains is broken down to different kingdoms. For instance Prokaryotic cell is broken down to three different kingdoms which are Bacteria, Cyanobacteria and Archea. These are prokaryotic cell and there are unicellular organisms. Whereas Eukaryotic cell is consist of four kingdoms which are Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. These kingdoms and domain help the scientist to classify and groups cells that belong in the same family together.
Prokaryotic cells are cells that lack membranes bound and they don’t have a nucleus. Whereas Eukaryotic cells have membranes bound and consist of organelles such as Mitochondria, Chloroplast and Endoplasmic reticulum. These organelles in Eukaryotic cells play a big part in the functional of the cell. Organelle such as Mitochondria and Chloroplasts are organelles that provide the cell with energy that is need for the cell to move. Whereas there is absences of mitochondria and Chloroplasts in a prokaryotic cell but they still manage to produce and get energy to perform their function. Prokaryotic cells have plasma so glycolosis does occur and that’s where they get to produce energy.
Bacteria are one of the prokaryotic cells that do not have membrane bound and they cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan (amino acid and sugar). However in Eukaryotic cell walls are not composed of peptidoglycan. The DNA in the prokaryotes is not found or bound within a nucleus because of the absence of membrane bound. Whereas in Eukaryotic cell DNA is bound within a nucleus. This does not mean that Prokaryotic cell do not have DNA. Of course they do have DNA and DNA functions. Bu their DNA is found in plasmids which have a circle like shape. The DNA in both cells is physiologically similar. Eukaryotic DNA is linear, whereas in prokaryotes DNA is circular. The DNA in Eukaryotic cells is made of a protein called “Histones” and this protein is found in chromosome. Whereas DNA in prokaryotic cell do not consist of “Histones