New Economic Spaces Definitions Term | Definition | Lecture | Space | An area of the earth’s surface with physical distance; an abstract concept, w/ territoriality/form, location within space, “flowable”, unevenly developed | 1 | Place | Area to which a group of people have become attached; specificity and uniqueness | 1 | Scale | Geographical levels of human activity; differently sized units of analysis (ie. Global, macro-regional, national, regional, local, lived places, body) | 1 | Economic geography | Different from geography b/c it focuses on the economics of a region; different from just economics b/c it looks at a particular place and is very specific (less abstract) | 1 | Ecological depletion | Canada’s colonial exploitation has involved natural resources (ie. Fur, water, oil, wood) lead to the long-term unsustainability of major industries such as fishing, mining, logging | 1 | Technological dependence | Canada has had to resort to borrowing technology from other countries and we have “produced” very little innovation; Canada spends very little on R&D | 1 | Continental integration | Lowering of economic barriers and increasing global trade under pressure from WTO & IMF; leads to the formation of trade blocks or “triads” (EU, NAFTA) | 1 | Cultural deterritorialization | The cultural adoptions of other countries as part of your economy (ie. Anime and Hollywood based industries of Vancouver) | 1 | Modelling Tradition | Objective to account for observed patterns of spatial economic activity using mathematical models | 1 | Principles of modeling traditions | Unversalism: belief hat economic processes work the same way in every context, (supply and demand of oil is the sameas those of computer chips)Rationality: idea that economic rationality prevails (choosing the most profitable/cheapest products)Competition/equilibrium: market mechanism finds greatest efficiency and productivity (achieving the lowest cost means that the greatest efficiency is met, not so true in the long rum)Laws and principles: govern economic processes (supply, demand laws hold true all the time) | 1 | Behaviourism | Role of information and human choices in determining decision-making and locational outcomes; perfect competition is not present everywhere (you have oligopolies and monoplies); non-optimal economic behaviour; relationship between firm and technology | 1 | Marxian Political Economy | Capitalism is characterized by exploitation and inequity and leads to uneven development, capitalism is prone to crises and these are contained through restructuring processes (technological and organizational changes or relocation. | 1 | Marxian Politcal Economic Traditions | Crisis theory, spatial division of labour, regulation theory | 1 | Term | Definition | Lecture | Tariff Barrier | A set of duties imposed on goods coming in from foreign countries, usually at steep rates that are meant to deter domestic consumers from buying foreign goods and substituting them with domestic goods. Part of Canadian reciprocity to American policies of 1870s (John A. MacDonald) | 2 | Transcontinental Railroad | Another policy set up by John A. MacDonald to strengthen Canadian unity in the 1870s to counter increased American hostility | 2 | Harold Innis | A renowned professor in political economy who taught at University of Toronto. One of the first people to argue for the creation of theories that are sensitive to economic and geographic contexts that are empirically grounded. He wrote a book on the fur trade. This idea is very true for resource economies. | 2 | Staple | Principal item of trade or consumption produced and consumed by a society. Specifically raw/unprocessed or semi-processed forms | 2 | Staples production | Primary resource activities and primary manufacturing activities in which