[12] astrolabe, an early fixed wired knowledge processing machine with a gear train and [13] gearwheels, circa 1000 AD. The sector , a calculating instrument used for solving problems in proportion, trigonometry, multiplication and division, and for various functions, such as squares and cube roots, was developed in the late 16th century and found application in gunnery, surveying and navigation. The planimeter was a manual instrument to calculate the area of a closed figure by tracing…
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