Essay on Marketing: Negotiation and Collective Bargaining
Submitted By smarafat2014
Words: 3033
Pages: 13
Part 1
Introduction to Employee Relations:
Armstrong (2009) suggests that employee relations are concerned with managing and maintaining the relations between two parties, the employees and the management. Bratton and Gold (2007) argue that the relationship is rather in between organised labour and the management. The term organised labour refers to a group of employees which may be supported by trade unions (defined below) that aims to, according to Bratton and Gold (2007), maximise the rewards, improve working conditions, better employee learning and development schemes and increase progression opportunities. On the other hand, management seeks to protect organisation’s best interests which are, as suggested by Armstrong (2009), retaining the services of the employees without costing too much.
Purcell and Gray (1986) suggest that there may be two categories of approach to the employee relations – individualist and collectivist. Individualistic approach involves the relations that are based on, policies that relate to an individual employee’s ‘right to advancement and fulfilment at work’ (Purcell and Gray, 1986). These relationships encourage individual employees’ motivation as the approach allows management to evaluate and monitor their individual performances and provide them with opportunities for personal development, career progression within the organisation and rewards accordingly through effective direct communication (Purcell and Gray, 1986). On the other hand, as suggested by Rose (2004), collectivistic approach to employee relations which is often referred as the industrial relations as it may involve employer associations, representing employer and employee institutions, representing employees as well as governing, focus on determining and regulating employment contracts in general through collective bargaining (defined below).
Aims of Employee Relations:
There are clear contradictions between the best interests of the employers and employees. However, with employee relations, both the parties seek to strike a balance between the interests of employer and the employees (Farnham, 2000). In addition, the aims of the employee relations include forming agreements and rules by buyers (employers) and the sellers (employees) of labour services (knowledge and skills) and their agents (such as trade unions and employers associations) and processing conflict resolutions (Farnham, 2000).
Parties to Employee Relations:
There are three distinct types of parties that are involved in the policies and processes of employee relations. Firstly, employers, management and management organisations such as the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) are involved in the employment relationships (Rose, 2004).
Second type of parties are the employees and the employee organisations that support them such as trade unions which refer to social institutions (Bratton and Gold, 2007) that seek to promote the interests of their members and equalise the powers between employers and employees (Armstrong, 2009).
Finally, government and governing bodies which influence employee relations through managing prices and determining wages, making employment rights and conditions related legislations, and providing services such as conciliation and arbitration to establish peace and balance between powers (Rose, 2004).
Rose (2004) developed a model depicting the employee relations processes, the involved parties and the outcomes (shown in Figure 1).
Figure 1: Industrial Relations
Source: Rose (2004:34)
Unitary Vs. Pluralistic View:
Fox (1966, cited by Armstrong, 2009) argues that there may be two perspectives on employee relations – unitary and pluralistic. The unitary view which is usually held by the employer side implies that the management has the sole authority of directing and controlling the employees aiming to achieve organisational growth and economic goals (Armstrong, 2009). In this view, as Fox (1966) describes, the management
Related Documents: Essay on Marketing: Negotiation and Collective Bargaining
HCC Management Team Bargaining Information Your team represents HCC management in bargaining sessions with the UCPW Local 14. The team is expected to negotiate an agreement that will allow the company to achieve its strategic goals over the next three years. Your team will use the following items to formulate its initial demands and for negotiating a new collective bargaining agreement: Item 1. Strategic Goals and Forecast of Factors Affecting the Firm’s Competitive Position Strategic…
the vehicle covers the softly Bob. The dialogue between the two, in that sequence, timing and reveal enormous capacity of the first argument: "I can not go on strike." (Bob). "You can not leave it to do it." (Jimmy). "Life is a negotiation; tit, tat. And collective bargaining strengthens the worker, or as I like you. "(Jimmy). His notoriety and prestige, combined with an amazing confidence and cream, it produced irreversible psychological strain. Elected president of the class who had the strength…
Portfolio: CROSS CULTURAL NEGOTIATION Brian Crummy MGT 470-1: Conflict Management and Negotiation September 28, 2014 Whether it be in business or world politics, agreements cannot be reached without communication and negotiation. For businesses and countries alike, the approach to these negotiations must meet the needs of both cultures equally for a positive outcome to be achieved. Perspective taking is the process of imagining the world from another’s perspective or “putting yourself in another’s…
formulation. Analysis for competitive strategy can be effective analysis of the competitive environment for customers. According to Porter's viewpoint,a competition in the industry, there are five basic powers of competitiveness: Suppliers bargaining power、 buyer bargaining power、potential new entrant、 threat of substitute product、the rivalry among competing sellers. The situation and comprehensive strength of these five basic competitive forces, determines the degree of competitive during the industry…
Process 9 Pre-Negotiation 9 Face-to-face negotiation 9 Post negotiation 10 Cultural Factors 10 Time 10 Individualistic/Collectivist 10 Communication 11 Personal Relations 11 Strategic Factors 11 Strategy 11 Decision making 11 Need for an Agent 12 General Critique on Ghauri’s Framework 12 Introduction to the Case 13 Applying Ghauri’s IBN framework 14 Background 14 Objectives 14 Environment 15 Third Parties 16 Negotiators 17 Pre-Negotiation 18 Face-to-face Negotiation 19 Post-Negotiation 20 Conclusion…
consumers want. A healthy competitive marketplace thrives when businesses compete fairly. Most Australian businesses increase their customer base and their profits honestly through: • continual innovation to improve products or services • sales and marketing showing the genuine benefits of their products or services • keeping costs down so they can offer competitive prices. However, sometimes businesses struggling to compete and maintain profits may be tempted to deliberately and secretly set up or join…
Peihua Sheng teaches marketing and marketing research at the American Collegefor the Applied Art, Atlanta Campus. She has taught marketing at the university level in Chinese for several years. Her research interests include business ethics, equity, and international marketing strategy. Linda Chang is a financial analyst on OTSUKA America. A native of Taiwan, she has an MBA. Her research interests are in the areas of planning and negotiation. Warren French is a professor of Marketing and the I. W. Cousins…
Should Business teachers have practical work experience in the subject(s) that they teach? 4. Identify and examine the academic integrity techniques used in online courses. 5. What is the ideal curriculum for today’s _______(MIS, Accounting, Marketing, Finance, etc.) major? 6. Should the business curriculum be specialized or should it provide a generalized, well-rounded education? 7. Do educational standards need to be raised, lowered, or maintained for the U.S. to become more competitive…
taken by him in the completion of this report. He has been a constant source of inspiration and great help to me. His precious advices, instructions and knowledge of subject helped me immensely. I am highly thankful to The Authors of Strategic Marketing, David Cravens and Nigel Piercy who were so helpful and provide me with necessary information and technical support where ever required in their text book. INTRODUCTION Samsung Electronics is a South Korean multinational electronics and…
Dependable dynamism: lessons for designing scientific assessment processes in consensus negotiations Noelle Eckley* Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 79 JFK Street (UR), Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Abstract Negotiations that involve the use and interpretation of scientific information and assessment are often particularly difficult, especially when the scientific input is uncertain or contested. Parties can exploit this…