Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Biological Psychology branch of psychology concerned with the links between _________________ and __________________
Q: Why bother studying biology?
A: The __________ cannot function independently of the ____________!

The first attempt to connect the brain or mind to human behavior was in the early 1800’s, when Franz Gall invented _________________. (See chart p. 35)
Hypothesized that the _____________ on the _______________ could determine character traits.
The theory of phrenology did have its merits: First to introduce the idea that _____________________________________________________________

Neural Communication
Neuron
a _______________ cell the basic building block of the _________________ _______________
_______________
junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron tiny gap at this junction is called the __________________ _________ or ____________

Neurotransmitters
__________________ messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons when released by the sending neuron, neuro-transmitters travel across the synapse and bind to __________________ sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether it will generate a neural impulse
____________________
“morphine within” natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to ______________ control and to pleasure

The Nervous System
The body’s speedy, electrochemical ____________________________ system
Central Nervous System (CNS) the ____________ and ______________ ______________
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) the _______________ and ____________ ________________ that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body
Nerves
neural “cables” containing many ______________ part of the __________________ nervous system connect the _______________ nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs

____________ Neurons neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system
_____________________
CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
_____________ Neurons carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands
Reflex
a _________, _____________, inborn ___________ to a sensory stimulus

The peripheral nervous system can be divided into two parts:
1. _________________ Nervous System
The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s _____________ muscles
2. _________________ Nervous System the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the ___________ and the _________________ of the internal organs (such as the heart)
The autonomic system can be further sub-divided into two more parts:
A. _______________ Nervous System division of the autonomic nervous system that ________________ the body, mobilizing its energy in __________________ situations
B. ________________________Nervous System division of the autonomic nervous system that ______________ the body, conserving its energy
“Fight-or-Flight”
When we perceive a significant ____________ to us, then our bodies get ready either for a fight to the death or a desperate flight from certain defeat by a clearly superior adversary.
Symptoms: See chart on pg.

The Endocrine System - The body’s “slow” _________________ communication system a set of _____________ that secrete ___________________ into the bloodstream

Neuroscience and Behavior
THE BRAIN
Brainstem
the ______________ part and central core of the brain, beginning where the ______________ _____________ swells as it enters the skull responsible for automatic _____________________ functions
There are three main structures in the brainstem:
1. ________________________
______________ of the brainstem controls __________________ and ____________________
2. ____________________ Formation a ________________ network in the brainstem that