1.DNA molecules are made of two polymers connected by the hydrogen atom bonds and coiled in the shape of a double helix.
The 3 parts are the deoxyribose(sugar), Phospate group 5 carbon base
2.DNA molecules are made of two polymers connected by the hydrogen atom bonds and coiled in the shape of a double helix.

3.A purine is a nitrogenous base which has two carbon-nitrogen rings (Adenine and guanine) whilst pyramidine only has one carbon-nitrogen ring (Thymine and cytosine).
4.1. Components of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
2. Carriers of chemical energy in the cell (eg., ATP, GTP)
3. Components of cofactors (eg., NAD, FAD)
4. Intermediates in cellular communication and signal transduction
(eg., cAMP, cGMP)

5. Donor substrates for glycobiology (eg. UDPG)
DNA has two polynucleotide molecules that spiral around an imaginary axis to form a double helix. only certain bases in the double helix are compatible with each other. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.

6.The base pairing rules for DNA are

A pairs with T G pairs with C C pairs with G T pairs with A
The base pairing rules for DNA (left) with RNA (right) are:

A pairs with U G pairs with C C pairs with G T pairs with A
When two molecules of RNA pair, the rules are:

A pairs with U G pairs with C C pairs with G U pairs with A
7. Semiconservative replication describes the mechanism by which DNA[->0] is replicated in all known cells. This mechanism of replication was one of three models originally proposed[1] [2] for DNA replication[->1]: ▪ Semiconservative replication would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand. ▪ Conservative replication would leave the two original template DNA[->2] strands together in a double helix and would produce a copy composed of two new strands containing all of the new DNA base pairs. ▪ Dispersive replication would produce two copies of the DNA[->3], both containing distinct regions of DNA composed of either both original strands or both new strands.
8. The opposite orientation of the two complementary strands or deoxyribonucleic acid, 5′ to 3′ and 3′ to 5′.

9. Helicase:An enzyme that is capable of unwinding the deoxyribonucleic acid double helix at a replication fork.
DNA polymerase1:is an enzyme[->4] that participates in the process of DNA replication[->5] in prokaryotes
DNA polymerase3:is the primary enzyme complex involved in prokaryotic DNA replication. primase:any RNA polymerase that synthesizes an RNA primer needed for the initiation of DNA synthesis. Such enzymes vary greatly in structure, specificity, and mode of regulation.
Ligase:
Any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the linkage of two molecules, generally utilizing ATP as the energy donor. Also called synthetase.

10. leading strand:
The dna[->6] strand[->7] that is synthesised continuously during replication[->8]
Lagging Strand:The dna[->9] strand[->10] that is replicated[->11] discontinuously from the 5' to the 3' direction.
11. The leading strand template is the strand of DNA being replicated continuously. It is the strand that is being continuously polymerized toward the replication fork. All DNA synthesis occurs 5'-3'. The original DNA strand must be read 3'-5' to produce a 5'-3' nascent strand.The lagging strand grows in the direction opposite to the movement of the growing fork. It grows away from the replication fork and it is synthesized discontinuously. Because the strand is growing away from the replication fork, it must be replicated in fragments because the Primase (that adds the RNA primer) has to wait until the fork opens to be able to put the primer. The RNA Polymerase reaches the origin